Adverse childhood experiences and bullying behaviours at work among workers in Japan

Abstract

ObjectivesTo examine the relationship between adverse childhood experiences (ACEs), workplace bullying victimisation and bullying behaviours to subordinates among Japanese workers.MethodsWe conducted an internet-based cross-sectional survey among workers who had enacted 0, 1 and ≥2 types of bullying behaviours that had been directed towards subordinates in the past 3 years (n=309 for each group, total N=927). We assessed ACEs with questionnaires about adverse experiences at home and bullying victimisation at school. The total and controlled direct effects of ACEs on the number of bullying behaviours to subordinates were estimated from a baseline-adjusted and a direct-effect marginal structural ordinal logistic model, respectively.ResultsThere was a positive dose–response association between the level of ACEs and the frequency of workplace bullying victimisation, as well as the number of bullying behaviours enacted at work after adjustment for sex, age and childhood socioeconomic status (both p<0.001). Workers in the highest tertile of ACEs compared with the lowest tertile had 3.15 (95% CI 2.20 to 4.50) times higher odds of having perpetrated more bullying behaviours at work. The magnitude of the effect was 2.57 (95% CI 1.70 to 3.90) via pathways not mediated by workplace bullying victimisation in a direct-effect marginal structural model.ConclusionsPeople who had ACEs were at increased risk later in life of enacting bullying behaviours at work. Current findings may be useful to prevent bullying behaviours at work.

Adverse childhood experiences: impacts on adult mental health and social withdrawal

“…However, no studies have quantitatively examined whether adverse experiences in school are associated with the risk of Hikikomori. Furthermore, ACEs have been reported to increase the risk of employment problems (32,42) and workplace bullying (43), but no studies have investigated the association between ACEs and Hikikomori.…”

Impact of adverse childhood experience on physical and mental health: A life‐course epidemiology perspective

“…68 As for social relationship, Kizuki et al found that those with ACEs were 3.15 times more likely to display bullying behavior at work, suggesting that ACEs may have a significant impact on the development of attachment, which is crucial for establishing healthy social relationships. 69 Third, several ACEs, such as childhood poor well-being, poor academic performance, and low SES in adulthood were accumulated and shown to have dose-response toxic effects on the development of disease (cumulative model). Indeed, the concept of counting the number of ACEs can be considered as a cumulative model.…”

“…As for social relationship, Kizuki et al . found that those with ACEs were 3.15 times more likely to display bullying behavior at work, suggesting that ACEs may have a significant impact on the development of attachment, which is crucial for establishing healthy social relationships 69 …”

Posljedice ranog traumatskog iskustva

“…Psihološki stres je sve što prijeti percepciji djeteta o sigurnom odnosu s odraslima jer će svaki poremećaj u odnosu uzrokovati oscilaciju i šok u unutarnjem miljeu 33 . Emocionalni i socijalni odnosi ostaju važan biološki utjecaj i nakon djetinjstva 34 ) zaključuju kako se to podcjenjivanje češće pojavljuje u muškaraca, a pogotovo od strane shizofrenih i psihijatrijskih pacijenata op-prevencija nasilja u obitelji i nepovoljnih dječjih iskustava na prvom mjestu kako bi se u budućnosti mogao prevenirati ili smanjiti rizik mobinga na poslu, kako za žrtve tako i za počinitelje nasilja koji nastaju upravo iz nepovoljnih dječjih iskustava 45 . Dobro je poznato da su zlostavljana djeca u puno većem riziku da sami budu zlostavljači od djece koja nisu zlostavljana.…”