Adverse Childhood Experiences and Prescribed Psychotropic Medications in Adults

Anda, Robert F.; Brown, David W.; Felitti, Vincent J.; Bremner, J. Douglas; Dube, Shanta R.; Giles, Wayne H.

doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2007.01.005

Cited by 259 publications

(163 citation statements)

References 46 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

149

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…This association is well described in the Adverse Childhood Experiences study 3, 4, 5, 6. Multiple risk indices help discriminate between higher‐ and lower‐risk individuals and are typically created by summing the number of dichotomized risk factors 38, 42, 43…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 84%

“…While the interplay of these factors (positive and negative) can be complex, it is well established that the accumulation of risks and adversities over childhood and adolescence increases the risk of poor mental health and developing a mental illness 2, 3, 4, 5, 6. Exposure to major life stresses, such as extreme poverty, family violence, child abuse and neglect, and homelessness, in the early stages of life can be particularly harmful to the developing brain7, 8 and to psychological health in childhood with negative consequences for mental health and well‐being across the lifespan and intergenerationally 9.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Risks for Mental Illness in Indigenous Australian Children: A Descriptive Study Demonstrating High Levels of Vulnerability

et al. 2017

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Policy Points: The developmental origins understanding of mental illness suggests the possibility of prevention, through addressing childhood adversities.More than 43% of Indigenous Australian children aged 6 to 10 years have 6 or more risk factors for mental illness in adulthood, and 23% are experiencing current psychological distress.Substantial risk is already present in infancy (eg, 67% exposed to 3 or more stressful family life events, and 42.5% are not living with both birth parents).An integrated service system response that can both offer high‐level therapeutic services and address associated multiple adversities, from conception to late adolescence, is urgently needed to address current psychological distress in Indigenous Australian children and to reduce the future burden of mental illness. ContextMental illness is a high source of disease burden across the globe. Mental illness is now understood as largely developmental, with its genesis at least in part in adverse childhood experiences. We sought to estimate the prevalence of childhood risks for poor mental health in Indigenous Australian children, noting that Indigenous Australians by virtue of their history of traumatic colonization and dispossession, child removal, and racism are potentially at greater risk.MethodsWe conducted a descriptive study of the modifiable risks and adversities associated with mental illness in Australian Indigenous children (infancy to 10 years), using data from the Longitudinal Study of Indigenous Children (LSIC), a cohort of 1,671 infants enrolled in 2008 and followed up annually. Risk factors of interest were identified from a comprehensive literature review of childhood determinants of adult mental illness by Fryers and Brugha (2013). The age‐category prevalence of individual risks and a multiple‐risk score were computed using data extracted from 6 waves of LSIC.FindingsThe analytic data comprised 8,378 person‐observations from the first 6 waves. Children in LSIC experience high rates of adversities. In utero, nearly 50% were exposed to smoking and 22% to alcohol. As infants, 42.5% were not living with both birth parents. Over two‐thirds of survey children were in households that had experienced, in the previous 12 months, 3 or more major life events; 22% to 26% lived in households with a drug or alcohol problem; and 18% were exposed to domestic violence (41% were ever‐exposed to age 10). At school, nearly 40% of children were bullied. Over 45% of children aged 6 to 10 years were exposed to 6 or more risks for mental illness. Few children (< 2%) were exposed to low parental warmth and, despite the high exposure to adversities, less than 5% of children report low self‐confidence. This suggests considerable resilience. More than 1 in 4 children had conduct problems in the clinical range and more than 1 in 5 were experiencing high psychological distress.ConclusionsIndigenous children in Australia face extreme levels of multiple disadvantage, exposing many to current psychological distress and high risk of developing me...

show abstract

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 84%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Risks for Mental Illness in Indigenous Australian Children: A Descriptive Study Demonstrating High Levels of Vulnerability

et al. 2017

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…• the recognition that adverse psychosocial experiences in childhood have lifelong adverse effects on mental and physical health and on psychosocial status [22][23][24][25] ;…”

Section: Need For Statementmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Future of Pediatrics: Mental Health Competencies for Pediatric Primary Care

COLEMAN¹,

Dobbins²,

Garner³

et al. 2009

Pediatrics

303

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Pediatric primary care clinicians have unique opportunities and a growing sense of responsibility to prevent and address mental health and substance abuse problems in the medical home. In this report, the American Academy of Pediatrics proposes competencies requisite for providing mental health and substance abuse services in pediatric primary care settings and recommends steps toward achieving them. Achievement of the competencies proposed in this statement is a goal, not a current expectation. It will require innovations in residency training and continuing medical education, as well as a commitment by the individual clinician to pursue, over time, educational strategies suited to his or her learning style and skill level. System enhancements, such as collaborative relationships with mental health specialists and changes in the financing of mental health care, must precede enhancements in clinical practice. For this reason, the proposed competencies begin with knowledge and skills for systems-based practice. The proposed competencies overlap those of mental health specialists in some areas; for example, they include the knowledge and skills to care for children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, anxiety, depression, and substance abuse and to recognize psychiatric and social emergencies. In other areas, the competencies reflect the uniqueness of the primary care clinician's role: building resilience in all children; promoting healthy lifestyles; preventing or mitigating mental health and substance abuse problems; identifying risk factors and emerging mental health problems in children and their families; and partnering with families, schools, agencies, and mental health specialists to plan assessment and care. Proposed interpersonal and communication skills reflect the primary care clinician's critical role in overcoming barriers (perceived and/or experienced by children and families) to seeking help for mental health and substance abuse concerns.

show abstract

“…Emotion focused therapeutic approaches hold childhood as a particularly important and sensitive period for developing healthy or unhealthy relationship to one's own emotions, and therapy is seen as a possibility to process, deal with or change difficult emotional learning experiences from the past Ecker et al, 2012;Fosha et al, 2009;. The assumption that overwhelming and difficult life events during childhood have the potential to hinder healthy adult functioning, has robust support (Anda et al, 2007;Anda et al, 2004;Edwards, Holden, Anda, & Felitti, 2003). A theoretical notion that is similar across emotion focused psychotherapy approaches, is that difficult life events that are not dealt with, can result in 15 problematic emotional states, or unprocessed emotions.…”

Section: Emotional Processing In Psychotherapymentioning

confidence: 99%

Does the two-chair dialogue intervention facilitate processing of emotions more efficiently than basic Rogerian conditions?

Stiegler¹,

Molde

Schanche

2018

European Journal of Psychotherapy & Counselling

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Scientific environmentThis dissertation is the result of a collaboration between Institutt for Psykologisk rådgivning AS, the Department of Clinical Psychology, University of Bergen, and Arbeids-og velferdsetaten.Institutt for Psykologisk rådgivning and the Research Council of Norway each provided fifty percent of the project's funding. One such intervention, derived from Emotion-focused Therapy (EFT), is referred to as a two-chair dialogue. This intervention aims to enhance the emotional processing of individuals with regard to destructive self-criticism. More specifically, the intervention is expected to effect the arousal of emotions and help clients attend to and appraise their emotional experiences. The purpose of this dissertation is to investigate and explore the impact of the two-chair dialogue intervention.Twenty-four clients presenting with destructive self-criticism were recruited from a Norwegian public mental health program, meant for people who are on sick leave due to depression and anxiety, which is the most common mental health difficulties. In this study a multiple baseline design was used. Each client was assigned to a baseline phase comprising either 5, 7, or 9 sessions. For the baseline phase, the therapists were asked to focus on the relationship aspect of EFT, that is, they were required to empathically attune to the clients' emotional experience, provide validation and reassurance for the clients' emotional experience, while complying with the basic Rogerian conditions of empathy, genuineness, and unconditional positive regard. In the second phase, we added a two-chair dialogue intervention for five consecutive sessions.This dissertation comprises three papers. For paper 1, all clients' sessions were recorded on video and analyzed with the Client Emotional Arousal Scale III and Experiencing Scale. Subsequently, it was investigated whether the phase which included the two-chair dialogue intervention was associated with a higher level of emotional processing in comparison to the baseline phase. Results suggest that the phase containing the two-chair dialogue intervention is associated with significantly more high-arousal episodes than the baseline phase. Experiencing increases 7 throughout the entire treatment, but not significantly more in the phase including the two-chair dialogue, suggesting that both phases are associated with enhanced emotional processing.In paper 2, we investigated whether the phase which included the two-chair dialogue intervention was marked by a significantly greater decrease in symptoms compared to the baseline phase. Here, results suggest that adding the two-chair dialogue intervention is associated with a more substantial decrease in depression-and anxiety-related symptoms, in comparison to the baseline phase. A closer analysis of the symptoms of depression indicates that the majority of reduction effected in depressive symptoms is related to the somatic-affective and not the cognitive components of depression. Destructive self-criticism exhibited reduction thro...

show abstract

Adverse Childhood Experiences and Prescribed Psychotropic Medications in Adults

Cited by 259 publications

References 46 publications

Risks for Mental Illness in Indigenous Australian Children: A Descriptive Study Demonstrating High Levels of Vulnerability

Risks for Mental Illness in Indigenous Australian Children: A Descriptive Study Demonstrating High Levels of Vulnerability

The Future of Pediatrics: Mental Health Competencies for Pediatric Primary Care

Does the two-chair dialogue intervention facilitate processing of emotions more efficiently than basic Rogerian conditions?

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About