Adverse Childhood Experiences and Their Relation to Parenting Stress and Parenting Practices

Lange, Brittany C. L.; Callinan, Laura S.; Smith, Megan V.

doi:10.1007/s10597-018-0331-z

Cited by 115 publications

(68 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…Evidence continues to mount that cumulative ACEs exposures, rather than individual ACE experiences, yield the most negative impacts on overall well-being (7). Research suggests that the cumulative effect of stressors in families may lead to deteriorating family resilience as well as worsening of child and adolescent outcomes (10,11).…”

Section: Adverse Childhood Experiencesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of race/ethnicity and income on the link between adverse childhood experiences and child flourishing

et al. 2020

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Background The impact of early adversity increases the risk of poor outcomes across the life course. Identifying factors that protect against or contribute to deleterious life outcomes represents an important step in resilience promotion among children exposed to adversity. Informed by resilience science, we hypothesized that family resilience mediates the relationship between adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and child flourishing, and these pathways vary by race/ethnicity and income. Methods We conducted a secondary data analysis using the 2016–17 National Survey of Children’s Health data reported by parents/guardians for 44,686 children age 6–17 years. A moderated-mediation model estimated direct, indirect, and total effects using a probit link function and stacked group approach with weighted least square parameter estimates. Results The main variables were related in expected directions. Family resilience partially mediated the ACEs-flourishing association. Although White and socioeconomically advantaged families were more likely to maintain family resilience, their children functioned more poorly at high-risk levels relative to Black and Hispanic children and across income groups. Conclusion Children suffer from cumulative adversity across race/ethnicity and income. Partial mediation of family resilience indicates that additional protective factors are needed to develop comprehensive strategies, while racial/ethnic differences underscore the importance of prevention and intervention programs that are culturally sensitive. Impact The key message of the article reinforces the notion that children suffer from cumulative adversity across race/ethnicity and income, and prevention of ACEs should be the number one charge of public policy, programs, and healthcare.This is the first study to examine family resilience in the National Survey Children’s Health (NSCH) data set as mediating ACEs-flourishing by race/ethnicity and FPL.Examining an ACEs dose–response effect using population-based data within the context of risk and protective factors can inform a public health perspective resulting in a greater impact on prevention efforts.

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Section: Adverse Childhood Experiencesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of race/ethnicity and income on the link between adverse childhood experiences and child flourishing

et al. 2020

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“…These problems create child-rearing environments that perpetuate the intergenerational cycles of adversity and may jeopardize parents’ capacity to provide sensitive and responsive caregiving (Barrett & Fleming, 2011 ; Fraiberg et al, 1975 ). ACEs are associated with high levels of parenting stress (Lange et al, 2019 ; Steele et al, 2016 ), which can influence parenting practices, beliefs, and the parent–child relationship. Mothers with a history of ACEs are more likely to spank their infants (Chung et al, 2009 ), and mothers’ childhood maltreatment is associated with observed parental hostility (Bailey et al, 2012 ).…”

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confidence: 99%

Adverse and Protective Childhood Experiences and Parenting Attitudes: the Role of Cumulative Protection in Understanding Resilience

et al. 2021

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Theory and research indicate that adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are linked to negative parenting attitudes and behaviors. We posit that protective and compensatory experiences (PACEs) in childhood buffer the negative effects of ACEs on later parenting. To test this premise, the present study examined associations between ACEs, PACEs, and attitudes towards nurturing and harsh parenting in an ethnically diverse sample of parents with children of various ages (N = 109; 65% mothers, 35% fathers; M age = 38). Parents completed a widely used parenting attitudes questionnaire and the ACEs and PACEs surveys. PACEs were negatively correlated with ACEs and positively correlated with nurturing parenting attitudes and parent income and education levels. Linear regression models indicate that higher PACEs, ACEs, and family income and less harsh parenting attitudes predict nurturing parenting attitudes. In contrast, higher ACEs and less nurturing attitudes were correlated with harsh parenting attitudes. As expected, moderation analyses indicated that the association between ACEs and harsh parenting attitudes was conditional upon the level of PACEs. When PACE scores were low (M-1 SD), but not when PACE scores were average or high (M + 1 SD), ACEs were associated with harsh parenting attitudes, suggesting a buffering effect of PACEs on negative parenting attitudes. These findings support the importance of including protective as well as adverse childhood experiences when assessing the role of childhood experiences on parenting attitudes and practices. Implications of these findings for researchers and practitioners are discussed, as well as new directions for PACEs research using a cumulative protection approach.

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“…Reducing child maltreatment has great potential to reduce both human and economic costs to society (CDC, 2012). The effects of early life stress can be identified temporally in child symptoms, family routines, and parenting stress (Lange, Callinan, & Smith, 2019;Sciaraffa, Zeanah, & Zeanah, 2018).…”

Section: High Ace Scores Are Indicators But Not Determinants Of Healthmentioning

confidence: 99%

Self-Regulation as Key Factor in Protection Against the Harmful Effects of Adverse Childhood Experiences: Critical Role for Occupational Therapists

Whitney¹

2020

The Open Journal of Occupational Therapy

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Adverse Childhood Experiences and Their Relation to Parenting Stress and Parenting Practices

Cited by 115 publications

References 49 publications

Influence of race/ethnicity and income on the link between adverse childhood experiences and child flourishing

Influence of race/ethnicity and income on the link between adverse childhood experiences and child flourishing

Adverse and Protective Childhood Experiences and Parenting Attitudes: the Role of Cumulative Protection in Understanding Resilience

Self-Regulation as Key Factor in Protection Against the Harmful Effects of Adverse Childhood Experiences: Critical Role for Occupational Therapists

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