Adverse effect of beta-tricalcium phosphate with zeta potential control in repairing critical defects in rats’ calvaria

Abstract

ObjectiveTo evaluate whether a new biphasic cement composed of calcium sulfate and beta tricalcium phosphate with zeta potential control could induce or lead to bone neoformation in critical defects.MethodsA critical defect of diameter 8 mm was made in the calvaria of forty male Wistar rats. In the Test Group (n = 20), the defects were filled with cement. In the Control Group (n = 20), the defect was not filled and only coagulum was present. The animals were sacrificed 7, 14, 21 and 42 days after the operation. Calvaria specimens were subjected to microtomography and were then prepared for histological analysis. The analyses included morphological assessment on the histopathology of the repair; comparative morphometric evaluation of the area of formation of bone trabeculae between the groups; and histochemical staining by means of tartrate-resistant phosphatase (TRAP) in order to identify osteoclasts.ResultsMicrotomographic images of the defects filled by the cement did not show any decrease in area over the course of postoperative evolution. In the Test Group, the material continued to present a foreign-body response until the last observational periods. Histomorphological analysis showed that there were more significant groupings of giant cells in the Test Group and greater maturity of neoformed bone in the Control Group. Exogenous material was also present. Histomorphometric analysis showed that in the Control Group, the total area of bone neoformation was significantly greater (p = 0.009) and grew progressively. The giant cells presented a positive reaction to TRAP but no osteoclasts were observed.ConclusionThe ceramic cement did not induce or lead to bone neoformation from the microtomographic or histological point of view.

Gelatin/Nanohyroxyapatite Cryogel Embedded Poly(lactic-co-glycolic Acid)/Nanohydroxyapatite Microsphere Hybrid Scaffolds for Simultaneous Bone Regeneration and Load-Bearing

“…The similarity in stain intensity and morphology of both H&E and Masson’s trichrome staining further confirmed the different regeneration potential of the hybrid scaffold in the absence and presence of rBMSCs. In Masson’s trichrome staining, the deep blue-colored array of longitudinal stain in the sections of the cellular scaffold disclosed the osteoid formation (red arrows), while the cluster of cells denoted by black arrows endorsed the existence of osteoblasts [59,60]. When rBMSCs differentiate into osteoblasts, osteoids (organic portion of the bone matrix) will be embedded in the newly formed tissue matrix, and thus, could be proved through staining for connective tissues.…”

Sinus Tract Formation with Chronic Inflammatory Cystic Mass after Beta Tricalcium Phosphate Insertion

“…It supports the orbital structures, and separates the oral and orbital cavities [ 9 ]. Autogenous bone graft is considered the material of choice for the reconstruction of bone in maxillofacial surgery [ 1 ]. However, to prevent secondary donor site morbidity and increased duration of the operation for the harvesting procedures, several artificial bone substitutes, including bioceramics, allograft bone matrix, and composites have been developed for craniofacial defects [ 4 ].…”

“…Foreign body reaction is a response of wound healing following the insertion of biomaterials and it may play a major role in the formation of bony spicules, calcified clusters, and sinuses [ 1 10 11 ]. de Souza et al reported foreign body reaction and inflammatory infiltrates in β-TCP insertion sites; they hypothesized that it may lead to expulsion of β-TCP clusters from the original defect site [ 1 ]. Sinus formation resulting from foreign body reaction was also reported [ 12 ].…”

“…Allogenic bone substitutes that replace autogenous bone grafts, should be biocompatible, non-antigenic, and degradable with osteogenic capacity, and are constant pursuits in maxillofacial surgery [ 1 2 ]. Beta tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) is one such biomaterial.…”

“…Beta tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) is one such biomaterial. Although good outcomes have been reported for bone defect coverage or bone augmentation [ 2 3 4 5 ], several studies have also reported negative results when filling bone defects with β-TCP, including poor bone formation, unexpected formation of cystic mass, continuous pain, and secretions, which may attribute to soft tissue inflammation after insertion of β-TCP [ 1 , 6 7 8 ]. We present the case of a 36-year-old man with a right cheek cystic mass who had a history of right zygomaticomaxillary (ZM) complex fracture and surgical correction with β-TCP powder insertion.…”