2016
DOI: 10.1007/s11882-016-0620-y
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Adverse Effects of Nonsystemic Steroids (Inhaled, Intranasal, and Cutaneous): a Review of the Literature and Suggested Monitoring Tool

Abstract: Inhaled, intranasal, and cutaneous steroids are prescribed by physicians for a plethora of disease processes including asthma and rhinitis. While the high efficacy of this class of medication is well known, the wide range of adverse effects, both local and systemic, is not well elucidated. It is imperative to monitor total steroid burden in its varied forms as well as tracking for possible side effects that may be caused by a high cumulative dose of steroids. This review article highlights the adverse effects … Show more

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Cited by 36 publications
(27 citation statements)
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“…Systemic adverse effects such as growth suppression and local effects including oropharyngeal candidiasis are well recognised in association with ICS [4][5][6][7]. With recent pragmatic studies showing greater adherence to, and effectiveness of, LTRA compared to ICS [8][9][10], the prospect of increased adherence resulting in better asthma control has renewed interest in the use of LTRA as monotherapy or adjunct therapy.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Systemic adverse effects such as growth suppression and local effects including oropharyngeal candidiasis are well recognised in association with ICS [4][5][6][7]. With recent pragmatic studies showing greater adherence to, and effectiveness of, LTRA compared to ICS [8][9][10], the prospect of increased adherence resulting in better asthma control has renewed interest in the use of LTRA as monotherapy or adjunct therapy.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Anti‐inflammatory medications usually inhibit mast cell degranulation indirectly by modulating T‐cell activation and have an indirect effect on mast cell inhibition . Omalizumab is an anti‐IgE monoclonal antibody that binds free IgE in the serum and prevents IgE binding to the FcεRI.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…While current therapies such as anti-histamines and leukotriene antagonists reduce mast cell-mediated inflammation, these target a select few mediators and do not prevent mast cell activation. Additionally, immunosuppressive medications, such as steroids or mast cell stabilizers, have limited efficacy in a few populations and many side effects [1314]. Novel therapeutic approaches targeting mast cell activation are needed to better treat allergic disease.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%