Adverse effects of tooth bleaching: A review

Whitening has been known since Biblical times. Nowadays, in the developed world, patients are placing a stronger interest in the aesthetic appearance of their teeth. As a result, public demand for aesthetic dentistry, including tooth whitening, has recently increased. Aesthetics of the teeth is of great importance to many patients. The aim is to summarise and discuss the teeth whitening procedure, tools, materials, and methods, as well as its efficacy and safety. In addition, the paper aims to provide full and comprehensive information for dentists and their patients about the merits and perils of whitening. Methods. Relevant literature from Scopus published in English was selected using the following search criteria "tooth OR teeth AND whitening OR bleaching" by 2022. In total, there were found 3840 papers. Then, we applied the inclusion and exclusion criteria to the selected scientific papers to choose the relevant ones. Results. A comprehensive study of the available information related to means and products for teeth whitening was carried out. Whitening may be accomplished by the physical removal of the stain or a chemical reaction to lighten the tooth colour. The indications for appropriate use of tooth-whitening methods and products depend on the correct diagnosis of the discolouration. When used appropriately, tooth-whitening methods are safe and effective. Conclusions. Tooth whitening is a form of dental treatment and should be completed as part of a comprehensive treatment plan developed by a dentist after an oral examination.

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“…The most commonly reported side effects are tooth sensitivity and gingival or mucosal irritation [69][70][71][72][73].…”

Section: Side Effects Risks and Hazardsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modern concepts of teeth whitening – a narrative review

2022

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“…4 A decrease in microhardness and increased surface roughness values was observed as an adverse effect following the bleaching application. 5,6 The bleached enamel surface is susceptible to stains or discoloration from dark or colored fluids such as tea, coffee, juices, wines, and cola-based soft drinks. While some acidic solutions contain ethanol and/ or pigments, others contain substances that may accelerate demineralization.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Fluoridated Dental Products on Surface Roughness and Morphology of Bleached Tooth Enamel: An In Vitro Study

Alsabeel,

Qasim

2024

Pharmacogn J.

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Purpose: To assess the impact of fluoridated dental products (Toothpaste, mouth rinse, and fluoride varnish) on bleached tooth enamel's surface roughness (SR) and surface morphology when used before, after, or before and after the tooth bleaching process. Methods: A total of (64) bovine permanent incisors were prepared and divided into two main groups: Group (A) was treated before and after the bleaching. Group (B) was treated after bleaching only. The bleaching process used an Opalescence boost of 40% hydrogen peroxide. Each main group was divided into (4) subgroups: (A1, B1) Control, (A2, B2) treated with FluorKIN mouthrinse, (A3, B3) treated with FluorKIN toothpaste, (A4, B4) treated with Proshield FV. A profilometer was used to evaluate surface roughness. Also, to assess the morphological changes in the enamel surface, another (14) teeth samples were viewed under the SEM. Results: There was a statistically significant increase in SR after bleaching and a decrease in SR after treatment, and there was no statistically significant difference between the group receiving bleaching only and the group receiving preventive protocol before bleaching, confirmed by SEM analysis. The slightest increase in surface roughness was found in the fluoride varnish group, followed by the FluorKIN toothpaste group, then the FluorKIN mouthrinse group. Conclusion: According to the surface roughness means results in the present study, Surface roughness increased very little in the fluoride varnish group, followed by the toothpaste group and mouthrinse group, respectively.

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“…Higher concentrations of CP contain higher amounts of HP, and, for this reason, bleaching results are achieved more quickly than when lower concentrations of CP are used [ 13 ]. However, tooth bleaching has been reported to cause several adverse effects [ 14 , 15 , 16 ]. The most common adverse effects are tooth hypersensitivity, gingival irritation, and pulpal damage [ 17 , 18 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Whitening Effect and Histological Safety of Nonthermal Atmospheric Plasma Inducing Tooth Bleaching

Nam

Choi²,

Kim

2021

IJERPH

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Various light sources have been applied to enhance the bleaching effect. This study was to identify the histological evaluation in oral soft tissues, as well as tooth color change after tooth bleaching by nonthermal atmospheric pressure plasma (NAPP). Nine New Zealand adult female rabbits were randomly divided into three groups (n = 3): group 1 received no treatment; group 2 was treated with NAPP and 15% carbamide peroxide (CP), which contains 5.4% H2O2, and group 3 was treated with 15% CP without NAPP. Color change (ΔE) was measured using the Shade Eye NCC colorimeter. Animals were euthanized one day later to analyze the histological responses occurring in oral soft tissues, including pulp, gingiva, tongue, buccal mucosa, and hard and soft palates. Changes in all samples were analyzed by hematoxylin and eosin staining and Masson’s trichrome. Teeth treated with plasma showed higher ΔE than that obtained with bleaching agents alone. Overall, the histological characteristics observed no appreciable changes. The combinational treatment of plasma had not indicated inflammatory responses as well as thermal damages. NAPP did not cause histological damage in oral soft tissues during tooth bleaching. We suggest that NAPP could be a novel alternative energy source to conventional light sources for tooth bleaching.

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Adverse effects of tooth bleaching: A review

Cited by 6 publications

References 0 publications

Modern concepts of teeth whitening – a narrative review

Modern concepts of teeth whitening – a narrative review

Impact of Fluoridated Dental Products on Surface Roughness and Morphology of Bleached Tooth Enamel: An In Vitro Study

The Whitening Effect and Histological Safety of Nonthermal Atmospheric Plasma Inducing Tooth Bleaching

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