“…8,9 Although ISB catheterization is one of the most effective methods, it can cause complications such as phrenic nerve palsy/pneumothorax and temporal brachial partial palsy. 4,[31][32][33][34] Although we did not observe any case of pneumothorax, hemidiaphragmatic paresis occurred in 85% of patients in the US-ISB group. Hemidiaphragmatic paresis after ISB resulted from blockade of the phrenic nerve after the spread of local anesthetics.…”