Adverse health effects after low level exposure to organophosphates

Blain, Peter G.

doi:10.1136/oem.58.11.689

Cited by 23 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…However, Blain recently editorialized that reports of subtle effects involving memory, attention, and concentration often included vaguely described outcome variables and impairments that vary from study to study. 40 Blain also noted that most of the reviewed studies lacked historical exposure data, failed to use validated diagnostic tests, and often relied, for example, on reported symptoms of memory Table 3.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

The Effects of Occupational Exposure to Chlorpyrifos on the Neurologic Examination of Central Nervous System Function: A Prospective Cohort Study

Albers

Berent

Garabrant

et al. 2004

Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine

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Questions persist about adverse effects such as impaired cognition and attention, incoordination, spasticity, or parkinsonism from chronic, low-level exposures to organophosphate (OP) compounds. In a prospective cohort study, we evaluated chlorpyrifos-manufacturing workers and a referent group on 2 occasions, 1 year apart, to determine whether occupational exposure to chlorpyrifos produced clinically evident central nervous system (CNS) dysfunction. Chlorpyrifos subjects had significantly higher TCP excretion and lower average BuChE activity than referents in a range in which physiological effects on B-esterases exist. Few subjects had neurologic symptoms or signs, and there were no significant group differences in terms of signs at baseline or second examinations. Chronic chlorpyrifos exposure produced no clinical evidence of cortical, pyramidal tract, extrapyramidal, or other CNS dysfunction among chlorpyrifos subjects compared with referents, either at baseline or after 1 year of additional chlorpyrifos exposure.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

The Effects of Occupational Exposure to Chlorpyrifos on the Neurologic Examination of Central Nervous System Function: A Prospective Cohort Study

Albers

Berent

Garabrant

et al. 2004

Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine

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“…In contrast, OP pesticide applicators showed abnormal vibration thresholds in the hands compared to referent values, findings consistent with a large‐fiber neuropathy 45. The existing studies of peripheral nerve function lack evidence of specific symptoms or robust clinical signs 8. Critical reviews of the existing literature have concluded that peripheral nervous system findings occurred only when OP poisoning was acute and severe,11 and that findings attributed to low‐level OP exposures were mild, inconsistent, and unexplained 28…”

mentioning

confidence: 92%

Dorsal versus ventral scales and the dorsoventral patterning of chick foot epidermis

Prin

Logan

D’Souza

et al. 2004

Developmental Dynamics

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The dorsal and ventral scales of the chick foot can be distinguished morphologically and molecularly: the dorsal oblong overlapping scuta expressing both ␣ and ␤ keratins, and the ventral roundish nonprotruding reticula expressing only ␣ keratins. The question arises how En-1 and Lmx1, whose role in dorsoventral limb patterning has been well established, can affect skin morphogenesis, which occurs 8 to 12 days later. Forced expression of En-1 or of Lmx1 in the hindlimb have, respectively, as expected, a ventralizing or a dorsalizing effect on skin, leading to the formation of either reticula-type or scuta-type scales on both faces. In both cases, however, the scales are abnormal and even glabrous skin without any scales at all may form. The normal inductive interactions between dermis and epidermis are disturbed after En-1 or Lmx1 misexpression. Effectively, while Lmx1 endows the dermal precursors of the ventral region with scuta inducing ability, En-1 blocks the competence of the dorsal epidermis to build scuta.

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“…3 In the absence of acute poisoning, chronic exposure to low levels of OPs may also lead to adverse health effects on the central and peripheral nervous system. 4 The American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) time-weighted average Threshold Limit Value (TLV time-weighted average) for coumaphos is 0.05 mg/m 3 inhalable fraction and vapor. 5 The TLV was based on animal studies, because there was no quantitative information on human exposures.…”

Section: Coumaphosmentioning

confidence: 99%