Adverse Health Outcomes Associated with Postdiagnosis Smoking in Prostate Cancer Patients: A Literature Review

Tobacco smoking and survival after a prostate cancer diagnosis: A systematic review and meta-analysis

“…[6] A number of published papers have investigated the impact of tobacco smoking on survival and recurrence in males diagnosed with PCa, with the majority of these finding tobacco smoking is associated with higher overall mortality (OM), prostate-cancer specific mortality (PSM) and recurrence. [8] However these studies have been conducted in varied clinical populations and the reporting of results has been heterogeneous. To our knowledge, there has been no previous quantitative review of these studies.…”

A review of the effects of tobacco smoking on the treatment of prostate cancer

“…Several studies [5][6][7][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48][49][50] have investigated the impact of tobacco smoking on the various treatment modalities including radiation therapy, surgery and chemotherapy for prostate cancer and have reported that tobacco smoking at cancer diagnosis and during treatment can potentially affect patient survival, treatment efficacy, disease recurrence and quality of life. Huncharek et al 21 reported that tobacco smoking is associated with worse prognosis and higher prostate cancer-specific mortality regardless of the treatment method.…”

“…Similarly, Moreira et al 55 have indicated that tobacco smoking is associated with more advanced disease at the time of radical prostatectomy, and Joshu et al 27 reported higher biochemical disease recurrence after radical prostatectomy among smokers. According to a review by Ganesh et al, 11 there is strong evidence of higher overall mortality, biochemical recurrence and enhanced adverse effects following surgery, radiation therapy and hormone therapy in current smokers diagnosed with prostate cancer.…”

“…Tobacco smoking while receiving radiation therapy is reported to be associated with poor treatment outcomes in prostate cancer patients. 5,9,11,25,29,37,44 Steinberger et al 44 evaluated the impact of tobacco smoking on the overall treatment course of prostate cancer, assessed whether tobacco smoking increases toxicity from external beam radiotherapy in patients with regional prostate cancer and also evaluated the impact of smoking status (current smokers versus former smokers) on treatment-related toxicities or tumour-control outcomes in 2,156 prostate cancer patients with smoking histories. They concluded that, after definitive external beam radiotherapy, current smokers were at greater risk of disease metastasis, biochemical recurrence and increased mortality, and both former and current smokers were at increased risk of toxicity to the genital and urinary organs.…”

“…Numerous studies 11,27,29,55,[69][70][71] have investigated the impact of tobacco smoking on disease recurrence and have reported strong evidence of higher overall biochemical recurrence in current smokers diagnosed with prostate cancer; however, some studies also noted that smoking cessation over a 10-year period may ultimately lead to better treatment outcomes. Darcey and Boyle 69 conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to investigate the associations between tobacco smoking and prostate cancer-specific recurrence and concluded that tobacco smoking at prostate cancer diagnosis is associated with a significantly increased risk of recurrence.…”