2021
DOI: 10.1111/bcp.14713
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Adverse outcomes of proton pump inhibitors in patients with chronic kidney disease: The CKD‐REIN cohort study

Abstract: Aims Long‐term use of proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) has been associated with adverse kidney events in the general population, but their impact among chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients is unclear. We studied the prevalence and incidence (new users) of PPI prescriptions and their relation to kidney outcomes and mortality in CKD patients. Methods We collected drug prescriptions prospectively in a cohort of 3023 nephrology outpatients with CKD stages 2–5 at inclusion. Hazard ratios (HR, 95% confidence intervals… Show more

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Cited by 26 publications
(38 citation statements)
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References 30 publications
(62 reference statements)
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“…Sixteen were retrospective cohort studies, three were prospective cohort studies, six were case-control studies (of which three were nested), and one study was a case-cohort design (see Table 1 ). Fifteen of the studies assessed AKI 18 32 ; 10 studies assessed CKD 21 , 23 , 24 , 31 , 33 38 ; seven studies assessed ESRD 23 , 31 , 37 , 39 , 40 , end-stage kidney disease (ESKD), 26 or major adverse renal events (MARE) 41 ; three studies assessed AIN 18 , 25 , 42 ; one study assessed acute kidney failure 43 ; one study included ATN as part of their definition of AKI 28 ; and one study 29 combined AKI or CKD in the same outcome. A total of nine studies 18 , 21 , 23 26 , 29 , 31 , 37 assessed more than one adverse kidney outcome in relation to PPI.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
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“…Sixteen were retrospective cohort studies, three were prospective cohort studies, six were case-control studies (of which three were nested), and one study was a case-cohort design (see Table 1 ). Fifteen of the studies assessed AKI 18 32 ; 10 studies assessed CKD 21 , 23 , 24 , 31 , 33 38 ; seven studies assessed ESRD 23 , 31 , 37 , 39 , 40 , end-stage kidney disease (ESKD), 26 or major adverse renal events (MARE) 41 ; three studies assessed AIN 18 , 25 , 42 ; one study assessed acute kidney failure 43 ; one study included ATN as part of their definition of AKI 28 ; and one study 29 combined AKI or CKD in the same outcome. A total of nine studies 18 , 21 , 23 26 , 29 , 31 , 37 assessed more than one adverse kidney outcome in relation to PPI.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“… a Nine studies (Antoniou et al 18 ; Hart et al 21 ; Klatte et al 23 ; Lazarus et al 24 ; Leonard et al 25 ; Liabeuf et al 26 ; Svanström et al 29 ; Xie et al 37 ; Xie et al 31 ) with multiple outcomes were evaluated for risk of bias on an outcome-specific basis. …”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
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“…Presence of CKD, comorbidities that relate to nephropathy, male sex, and age ≥80 years were also identified as risk factors for kidney injury in PPI users. Indeed, patients with CKD have been reported to be at a high risk for PPI‐induced nephropathy 9 . Male sex and age ≥80 years might also explain the increased risk of CKD.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%