Headache treatment has been based primarily on experiences with nonspecific drugs such as analgesics, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), or drugs that were originally developed to treat other diseases such as beta blockers and anticonvulsant medications. A better understanding of the basic pathophysiological mechanisms of migraine and other types of headache has led to the development over the past two decades of more target specific drugs. Since activation of the trigeminovascular system and neurogenic inflammation are thought to play important roles in migraine pathophysiology, experimental studies modeling those events successfully predicted targets for selective development of pharmacological agents to treat migraine. Basically, there are two fundamental strategies for the treatment of migraine, abortive or preventative that is based to a large degree on the frequency of attacks. The triptans, which exhibit potency towards selective serotonin receptors expressed on trigeminal nerves, remain the most effective drugs for the abortive treatment of migraine. However, numerous preventative medications are currently available that modulate the excitability of nervous system, particularly the cerebral cortex. In this chapter, the pharmacology of commercially available medications as well as drugs in development that prevent or abort headache attacks will be discussed.