Adverse Reactions in Humans Following Exposure to Veterinary Drugs

Woodward, K. N.

doi:10.1002/9781444322958.ch20

Cited by 14 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 291 publications

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“…Triggering of allergic reactions in sensitised individuals by penicillin residues is well documented (Dewdney et al 1991), but these authors conclude that there is no evidence that any individual has become sensitised by food residues of either penicillins or macrolides. Con®rmed cases of allergy to substances in food are very rare, although adverse reactions to antibiotics have been linked to hypersensitivity (Woodward, 1991) and cases of chronic urticaria (Ormerod et al 1987;Dayan, 1993). A rare fatal blood dyscrasia in individuals sensitised to chloramphenicol could also be triggered by chloramphenicol residues in food (Settepani, 1984).…”

Section: Antibiotic Residuesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antibiotic use in animal feed and its impact on human healt

2000

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Antibiotic resistance in bacteria that cause disease in man is an issue of major concern. Although misuse of antibiotics in human medicine is the principal cause of the problem, antibiotic-resistant bacteria originating in animals are contributory factors, with some types of resistance in some species of bacteria. Antibiotics are added to animal feeds to treat and prevent infections and to improve growth and production. Until recently, the major concerns about incorporation of antibiotics in animal feeds related to antibiotic residues in products from treated animals. Although, in 1969, the Swann (1969) report drew attention to the potential for antibiotic-resistant bacteria to spread from treated animals via the food chain, there was little response until the detection of vancomycin-resistant enterococci in animals fed a related glycopeptide, avoparcin. Subsequently, attention started to focus on the issue and other examples of transfer of resistant bacteria through the food chain, such as enterococci resistant to quinupristin–dalfopristin or to everninomicin, fluoroquinolone-resistant campylobacters and multiresistantEscherichia coli, and salmonella such asSalmonella typhimuriumDT104. Reviews and committees in many countries have highlighted the need for better control of licensing of antibiotics, and codes for prudent use of antibiotics by veterinary practitioners and farmers. The continued use of antibiotic growth promoters has been questioned and there is a need to ensure that antibiotics important in human medicine are not used therapeutically or prophylactically in animals.

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Section: Antibiotic Residuesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antibiotic use in animal feed and its impact on human healt

2000

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“…3,4 Furthermore, the presence of drug residues in animal products may pose a potential health risk to the public. 5 In previous studies, 6,7 lack of adherence by the local poultry producers to international guidelines for the use of antimicrobial agents recommended by organizations such as the World Health Organization (WHO), Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), Veterinary Medicines Directorate (VMD) of the European Union, as well as Food and Drug Administration (FDA) of the US was observed. This study was, therefore, aimed at surveying the antimicrobial agents available for poultry use in the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia, and highlighting their possible impact on public health.…”

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confidence: 99%

Use of Antibiotics in the Poultry Industry in Saudi Arabia: Implications for Public Health

Al-Mustafa

Al-Ghamdi

2002

Ann Saudi Med

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Background:The use of antimicrobial agents in food-producing animals has become an important public health issue due to the spread of microbial resistance. This study was aimed at identifying the antimicrobial agents available for poultry use and highlighting their possible impact on public health. Materials and Methods: Twenty-three randomly selected poultry farms and all veterinary pharmacies in the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia were surveyed for the antibiotics used or dispensed. Further, a comprehensive literature survey was performed. Results: Twenty-nine antimicrobial agents were identified as being available for poultry use, of which 22 (75.9%) were important for the treatment of human infections. Enrofloxacin, oxytetracycline, ampicillin, neomycin, sulphamethoxazole, colistin, doxycycline and erythromycin were the most frequently used drugs. Food-borne hypersensitivity reactions and the emergence of microbial resistance, as well as cross-resistance to the various groups of antibiotics in animals and its transfer to human pathogens, are well documented. Conclusion:The misuse of antibiotics in the local poultry industry poses a serious health risk to the public and may complicate the treatment of human infections. The veterinary use of antimicrobial agents, especially those with dual animal and human applications, should therefore be restricted. The establishment of a government department concerned with food and drug safety is also highly recommended.

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“…Many reports indicated that microbial resistance to antibiotics may arise as a result of animal exposure to these agents and that the resistance may possibly be transferred to human pathogens (Sogaard 1973, Mercer 1975, Linton 1977, Holmberg et al 1984, Bebora et al 1994, Amara et al 1995. In addition, human exposure to animal products containing significant levels of antibiotic residues may provoke immunological responses in susceptible individuals and cause disorders of intestinal flora (Linton 1977, Holmberg et al 1984, Woodward 1991). …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…1998, Tollefson et al 1998. Further, the presence of drug residues in animal products may pose a potential health risk to the public (Mercer 1975, Linton 1977, Woodward 1991.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of norfloxacin in poultry production in the eastern province of Saudi Arabia and its possible impact on public health

Al-Mustafa

Al-Ghamdi

2000

International Journal of Environmental Health Research

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Samples of market-ready chicken muscle and liver from 32 local broiler farms were first screened for antibiotic residues by microbiological assay. The antibiotic-residue-positive muscles and livers from 22 farms were further analysed for norfloxacin (NFX) residues by high performance liquid chromatography. NFX was detected in 35.0% and 56.7% of raw antibiotic-residue-positive muscles and livers, respectively. The NFX-positive muscles and livers were respectively obtained from 11 (50.0%) and 14 (63.6%) of the 22 antibiotic-residue-positive farms. Since the maximum residue limit (MRL) for NFX has not yet been fixed, the MRL for enrofloxacin was used in the study. All NFX-positive farms had mean raw tissue levels, which were 2.7- to 34.3-fold higher than the MRL. Although cooking markedly reduced NFX tissue concentrations, mean detectable levels remained above MRL in large proportions of NFX-positive samples and farms. Susceptibility patterns of Enterobacteriaceae isolates from chicken and human patients to NFX showed alarmingly high rates of resistance in chicken isolates especially among Escherichia coli (45.9%) and Pseudomonas spp. (70.6%) compared with patients' isolates (10.5% and 18.2%, respectively). The study reveals widespread misuse of NFX in the local poultry industry, which may pose a major risk to public health including possible stimulation of bacterial resistance and hypersensitivity reactions to fluoroquinolones. More prudent use of fluoroquinolones in food-producing animals is therefore recommended. Further, there is a need to establish MRL values for NFX.

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Adverse Reactions in Humans Following Exposure to Veterinary Drugs

Cited by 14 publications

References 291 publications

Antibiotic use in animal feed and its impact on human healt

Antibiotic use in animal feed and its impact on human healt

Use of Antibiotics in the Poultry Industry in Saudi Arabia: Implications for Public Health

Use of norfloxacin in poultry production in the eastern province of Saudi Arabia and its possible impact on public health

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