Adversity, Mental Health, and Substance Use Disorders as Predictors and Mediators of Rule Violations in U.S. Prisons

Henry, Brandy F.

doi:10.1177/0093854819896844

Cited by 14 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…According to Henry 11 , the existence of dysfunctional behaviours as a response to difficulties in social adjustment to the prison setting leads to breaches of prison regulations, which take mainly take two forms: drug offences, consisting of possession, trafficking and consumption; and serious offences, such as verbal and/or physical aggression against other inmates or the other persons with whom they interact, possession of arms, attempts to escape, etc.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Henry 11 reached the conclusion that inmates with mental health issues and drug disorders run a higher risk of breaking prison rules, with a particular risk of committing serious offences related to inadequate interactions with the prison social climate ( Figure 4 ). This risk is even greater amongst inmates who suffer from an acute mental illness and adverse life experiences such as recidivism.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Es así como Henry 11 concluye que los reclusos con trastornos de salud mental y trastornos por uso de sustancias poseen un mayor riesgo de trasgredir las reglas de la prisión, sobre todo, cuando se refieren a infracciones graves que conllevan a la existencia de inadecuadas interacciones con el medio social penitenciario (Figura 4). Y se aumenta aún más este riesgo en aquellos reclusos que padecen una enferme-dad mental grave y experiencias vitales adversas tales como la reincidencia penitenciaria.…”

Section: Continúaunclassified

“…Por ello, percepciones como un sentimiento bajo de seguridad, poca cohesión de grupo o la existencia de instalaciones con altos niveles de seguridad, ocasionarán que la atmósfera penitenciaria disponga de una predisposición mayor a la violencia y la agresión y, por lo tanto, generarán un mayor número de malas conductas que deberán ser sancionadas. Asimismo, la presencia de un alto número de reclusos que presentan problemas de salud mental y, por consiguiente, conductas patológicas, tendrá un efecto disfuncional sobre el clima social de prisiones, debido a la dificultad de adaptación al entorno que presentan, la inestabilidad emocional y/o cognitiva, la dificultad de afrontamiento al estrés y la frustración, etc., generándose un clima cargado de tensión y negatividad, tanto para los propios internos como para el resto de las personas con las que interaccionan.Según afirma Henry11 , la existencia de conductas disfuncionales en prisión como respuesta a la dificultad de un ajuste social al entorno penitenciario ocasiona el incumplimiento de las normas penitenciarias, es decir, la aparición de infracciones, que son caracterizadas principalmente por dos tipologías: las infracciones por drogas, en lo referente a su pertenencia, al tráfico y al consumo; y las infracciones graves, como son las centradas en la agresión verbal y/o física contra otros reclusos o el resto de las personas con las que interactúan, la posesión de armas, los intentos de fuga, etc.…”

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Influence of prisoners’ mental health on the relational climate of prisons

Calles-Rubiales¹,

Prado²

2020

Rev Esp Sanid Penit

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Introduction: Entry into prison involves adapting to a prison culture that is sometimes altered by the effect of imprisonment. Prisons are overcrowded and hold large numbers of inmates suffering from mental disorders and difficulties of adaptation, who affect the delicate equilibrium of the prison environment and can worsen the relational climate. Material and method: Several bibliographical databases on the influence of the mental health of adult inmates on the prison relationship climate and existing interventions in this regard that have been published in the last 15 years were reviewed. This data was complemented by other information obtained from the online bibliographic indexes of the Ministry of the Interior. Results: There is little literature on the influence of mental health on the relational climate of prisons and existing interventions. However, what literature there is does respond to a current prison reality where inmates with mental health problems have an increased risk of victimization and also a greater predisposition to penitentiary misconduct that causes violations of rules and the consequent application of disciplinary sanctions that lead to segregation. Discussion: The dysfunctional behaviour of such inmates, as well as the stigmatized treatment they receive, negatively impact the prison social climate, generating pathological relational styles and distorting the prison environment. This creates a need for an adequate number of programs and interventions of sufficient quality to prevent and mitigate their consequences.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Continúaunclassified

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Influence of prisoners’ mental health on the relational climate of prisons

Calles-Rubiales¹,

Prado²

2020

Rev Esp Sanid Penit

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“…Abusive use of drugs in psychological patients is a prevalent issue that affects social and occupational performance of the individual [7]. Studies on abusive use of drug have shown that there is a direct relationship between abusive use of drugs and mental health [7,8]. Developing drug dependence hinders fulfillment of social, spiritual, and emotional roles of the user at social and family levels; which causes problems for the society and family [9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Psychological, social, and motivational factors in persons who use drugs

Shahrabadi

Jalali

et al. 2020

Subst Abuse Treat Prev Policy

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Background: Persons who use drug need family and society's support in the process of treatment and rehabilitation. Therefore, it is imperative to determine the psychological, social, and motivational factors that can help them in the treatment process. The present study was an attempt to determine the relationship between psychological, social, and motivational factors and the demographics of persons who use drugs (PWUD). Methods: An analytical cross-sectional study was carried out. TCU psychological functioning and motivation scales for the PWUD was first translated into Farsi and validated after securing permission from the copyright holder of the tool. Participants were 250 PWUDs under methadone therapy who were selected through convenient sampling. Before analyzing the collected data, validity and reliability of the tool were confirmed using confirmatory and exploratory factor analyses. Given the scale of demographical data, descriptive and analytic statistics were used to analyze the relationship between demographical variables and psychological, social, and motivational factors. Results: The results of exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses showed that out of 83 statements in the original questionnaire, 55 statements categorized into 11 aspects were usable for Iranian population. The results showed that gender, income, and marital status affect psychological functioning of the PWUD (P < 0.05). However, education level, place of residence, and type of drug and consumption did not have a significant relationship with social functioning of the participants (p > 0.05). There was a significant relationship between age, number of children, and history of using drug and psychological functioning of the participants (P < 0.01). The results showed that the demographics did not have a notable effect on the participants' motivation for treatment; only marital status had a significant relationship with the participants' treatment readiness (P < 0.05). Conclusion: As the results showed, the demographical variables could affect physical, psychological, and social functioning in the participants.

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Disparities in use of disciplinary solitary confinement by mental health diagnosis, race, sexual orientation and sex: Results from a national survey in the United States of America

Henry

2022

Criminal Behav Ment Health

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Background: Solitary confinement is still used in prisons in the USA, despite its links to poor health. Past research suggests that there may be disparities by race, ethnicity, sex and mental disorders regarding who is placed in solitary confinement, although nationwide studies have been sparse. Aims: To explore possible disparities by race, ethnicity, sex, sexual orientation, adverse childhood experiences and mental disorders in solitary confinement as a disciplinary action for adults incarcerated in USA prisons. Methods: Data come from a recently released national survey of 24,848 adults incarcerated in the USA-the 2016 Survey of Prison Inmates. Logistic regression models were used to identify disparities in the use of disciplinary action and solitary confinement as a disciplinary action, while controlling for type of rule violation.Results: After controlling for rule violation type, solitary confinement was used as a disciplinary action at higher rates for people who: were multiracial, as compared to white (aOR = 1.30), male, as compared to female (aOR = 1.46), bisexual, as compared to heterosexual (aOR = 1.64), had multiple mental disorders, as compared to none (aOR = 1.22) or had more adverse childhood experiences (aOR = 1.13). Conclusions: Findings highlight demographic and healthdisparities in the use of solitary confinement, which may

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Adversity, Mental Health, and Substance Use Disorders as Predictors and Mediators of Rule Violations in U.S. Prisons

Cited by 14 publications

References 40 publications

Influence of prisoners’ mental health on the relational climate of prisons

Influence of prisoners’ mental health on the relational climate of prisons

Psychological, social, and motivational factors in persons who use drugs

Disparities in use of disciplinary solitary confinement by mental health diagnosis, race, sexual orientation and sex: Results from a national survey in the United States of America

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