Advertisements of follow-on formula and their perception by pregnant women and mothers in Italy

Cattaneo, Adriano; Pani, Paola; Carletti, Claudia; Guidetti, Margherita; Mutti, Valentina; Guidetti, Cecilia; Knowles, Alessandra

doi:10.1136/archdischild-2014-306996

Cited by 42 publications

(51 citation statements)

References 20 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The pervasive promotions for growing‐up milks found by this study is also troubling because previous research has shown that mothers and caregivers often cannot differentiate between the different stages of BMS products (Berry, Jones, & Iverson, ; Cattaneo et al, ) and caregivers confused by similar packaging could inappropriately use growing‐up milks to feed younger infants. Pereira et al () documented BMS manufacturers using the same brand attributes across their range of products in four study sites.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 60%

“…mothers and caregivers often cannot differentiate between the different stages of BMS products (Berry, Jones, & Iverson, 2010;Cattaneo et al, 2015) and caregivers confused by similar packaging could inappropriately use growing-up milks to feed younger infants. Pereira et al CPCF products were found in nearly every store surveyed, indicating the ubiquity of commercially available complementary foods.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Promotions of breastmilk substitutes, commercial complementary foods and commercial snack products commonly fed to young children are frequently found in points‐of‐sale in Bandung City, Indonesia

Hadihardjono

Green

Stormer

et al. 2019

Maternal & Child Nutrition

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Few studies have documented the marketing of commercial foods and beverages for infants and young children in West Java, Indonesia. To assess the prevalence of promotions at points‐of‐sale for commercially produced products commonly fed to young children in Bandung City, 43 small and large stores were visited in 2017. Promotions for breastmilk substitutes (BMS), commercially produced complementary foods (CPCF), and select types of commercial snack products were photographed and information recorded on promotion characteristics. There were 402 and 206 promotions observed with BMS and CPCF products, respectively. Sixteen promotions with BMS products for infants under 12 months were found in 42.9% of stores selling BMS, violating national regulations. Almost all BMS promotions (98.3%) included BMS products for ages 1 year and above (“growing‐up milks”). Of all BMS products available for sale, half of all infant/follow‐up formula and 77.2% of growing‐up milks were promoted. CPCF were found in 97.7% of stores, and 81.0% of these stores had promotions; 70.5% of all available CPCF products were promoted. Of the 2,451 promotions observed for commercial snack products, 17.3% used promotional techniques targeting young children or caregivers. Joint‐promotions were common, with BMS and CPCF marketed in combination with commercial snack products; 49.0% of BMS promotions were joint BMS‐snack promotions, and 80.0% or more of infant/follow‐up formula promotions included a commercial snack. Revising and enforcing infant food and beverage marketing regulations to ensure consistency with global standards are necessary to protect and promote optimal infant and young child feeding in Indonesia.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 60%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Promotions of breastmilk substitutes, commercial complementary foods and commercial snack products commonly fed to young children are frequently found in points‐of‐sale in Bandung City, Indonesia

Hadihardjono

Green

Stormer

et al. 2019

Maternal & Child Nutrition

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…However, the advertising of toddler formulas has become increasingly prevalent [22] since Australia became a signatory to the International Code of Marketing of Breastmilk Substitutes (WHA 34.22 1981) which prohibits the advertising of infant formulas. With both products sharing common visual packaging elements such as colour, shape, typeface and logo, toddler milk advertisements appear to function as de facto infant formula advertisements with most women not being able distinguish between toddler and infant formulas and referring to both as ‘formula’ [23,24]. While most toddlers in this study were still consuming ‘infant’ versions of formula the advertising of toddler formula may have promulgated the perception amongst mothers that formulas of any kind are beneficial to the health of toddlers and are essential to meet the needs of developing toddlers that cannot be met by cow’s milk and family foods.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Comparison by Milk Feeding Method of the Nutrient Intake of a Cohort of Australian Toddlers

et al. 2016

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Breastfeeding is recommended beyond 12 months of age, but little is known about the contribution of breastmilk and infant formula to the nutritional intake of toddlers as they transition to a family diet in the second year of life. This study is a cross-sectional analysis of data collected from a birth cohort study in Adelaide, Australia. Dietary intake data were collected when children were approximately 1 year of age by an interviewer-administered multi-pass 24 h recall and a mother-completed 2 days food diary. Children were categorized according to their milk feeding method, i.e., breastmilk, infant formula, combination or other, and their nutrient intakes compared with recommended nutrient reference values. Complete data were available for 832 children, of which 714 had plausible energy intakes. Breastmilk and formula made a substantial contribution to the nutrient intake of those toddlers, contributing 28% and 34% of total energy, and 16% and 26% of protein intake, respectively when not drunk in combination. In general, Australian toddlers transitioning to the family diet consumed nutritionally adequate diets, although almost one quarter of all children and half of breastfed children with plausible intakes had iron intakes below the estimated average requirement, placing them at risk of iron deficiency.

show abstract

“…Sales growth in these categories may reflect a market segmentation strategy whereby TMFC are exploiting the erroneous perception that breast-feeding applies to the first 6 months only, and not to continued breastfeeding (53) . The branding, packaging and labelling of follow-up formula and toddler formula products frequently resembles and is commonly mistaken for infant formula (16,18,45) . This can circumvent MF regulations focused exclusively on the 0-6 month age bracket and may be exacerbated when IYCF policies and programmes emphasize exclusive breast-feeding only, and not ongoing breast-feeding (54) .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This sales boom applies not only to infant formula (for consumption by infants aged 0-6 months) but also to follow-up (7-12 months) and toddler (13-36 months) formulas, which can displace ongoing breast-feeding if marketed and consumed inappropriately. Because products in these latter categories are often branded, packaged and labelled in ways that resemble infant formula, they can be erroneously introduced in the first 6 months of life (16)(17)(18) . The WHO has long maintained that these milks are unnecessary and unsuitable as BMS (19) .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Global trends and patterns of commercial milk-based formula sales: is an unprecedented infant and young child feeding transition underway?

Baker

Smith

Salmon

et al. 2016

Public Health Nutr.

151

162

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Objective: The marketing of infant/child milk-based formulas (MF) contributes to suboptimal breast-feeding and adversely affects child and maternal health outcomes globally. However, little is known about recent changes in MF markets. The present study describes contemporary trends and patterns of MF sales at the global, regional and country levels. Design: Descriptive statistics of trends and patterns in MF sales volume per infant/ child for the years 2008-2013 and projections to 2018, using industry-sourced data. Setting: Eighty countries categorized by country income bracket, for developing countries by region, and in countries with the largest infant/child populations. Subjects: MF categories included total (for ages 0-36 months), infant (0-6 months), follow-up (7-12 months), toddler (13-36 months) and special (0-6 months). Results: In 2008-2013 world total MF sales grew by 40·8 % from 5·5 to 7·8 kg per infant/child/year, a figure predicted to increase to 10·8 kg by 2018. Growth was most rapid in East Asia particularly in China, Indonesia, Thailand and Vietnam and was led by the infant and follow-up formula categories. Sales volume per infant/ child was positively associated with country income level although with wide variability between countries. Conclusions: A global infant and young child feeding (IYCF) transition towards diets higher in MF is underway and is expected to continue apace. The observed increase in MF sales raises serious concern for global child and maternal health, particularly in East Asia, and calls into question the efficacy of current regulatory regimes designed to protect and promote optimal IYCF. The observed changes have not been captured by existing IYCF monitoring systems. Keywords Infant and young child feedingNutrition transition Formula Breast-milk substitutes Breast-feeding is important for infant and young child health and development, and for maternal health, in both developed-and developing-country settings (1)(2)(3) . It is ranked as the single most effective intervention for the prevention of deaths in children under 5 years of age (4) . To achieve optimal growth, development and health the WHO recommends that infants should be exclusively breast-fed for the first 6 months of life and thereafter receive nutritionally adequate and safe complementary foods while continuing breast-feeding for up to 2 years of age or beyond (5,6) . Although significant progress has been made in some countries, the global exclusive breast-feeding rate improved only marginally from 33 % in 1995 to 37 % in 2014 (7) . Every year an estimated 823 000 deaths, or 13·8 % of total deaths, in children under 2 years of age would be prevented if breast-feeding were scaled up to a near-universal level in high-mortality low-and middleincome countries. For mothers, a universal level of breastfeeding in all countries would prevent an estimated 20 000 deaths from breast cancer annually (8) . Suboptimal infant and young child feeding (IYCF) also incurs higher health system expenditures through increas...

show abstract

Advertisements of follow-on formula and their perception by pregnant women and mothers in Italy

Cited by 42 publications

References 20 publications

Promotions of breastmilk substitutes, commercial complementary foods and commercial snack products commonly fed to young children are frequently found in points‐of‐sale in Bandung City, Indonesia

Promotions of breastmilk substitutes, commercial complementary foods and commercial snack products commonly fed to young children are frequently found in points‐of‐sale in Bandung City, Indonesia

A Comparison by Milk Feeding Method of the Nutrient Intake of a Cohort of Australian Toddlers

Global trends and patterns of commercial milk-based formula sales: is an unprecedented infant and young child feeding transition underway?

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About