Aerial dispersal of lichen soredia in the maritime Antarctic

Marshall, W. A.

doi:10.1111/j.1469-8137.1996.tb04370.x

Cited by 75 publications

(67 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Therefore lichen-derived IN, when airborne, are candidiates for initiating ice formation leading to precipitation. In an aerobiological monitoring programme carried out on Signy Island in the Maritime Antarctic, lichen soredia (an asexual reproductive unit composed of algae or cyanobacteria surrounded by fungal hyphae) were the most abundant airborne propagules with a size range of 30 to 100 µm (Marshall 1996). Tormo et al (2001) also found lichen soredia in urban air in Spain.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ubiquity of ice nucleation in lichen — possible atmospheric implications

Moffett¹,

Getti

Henderson-Begg

et al. 2015

Lindbergia

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ubiquity of ice nucleation in lichen — possible atmospheric implications

Moffett¹,

Getti

Henderson-Begg

et al. 2015

Lindbergia

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“…Henderson-Begg et al (2009) suggested that canopy lichen biomass in temperate forest is similar to leaf biomass. Lichen detection directly in air has been pursued by Marshall (1996) in an aerobiological monitoring programme, where he found lichen soredia to be the most abundant airborne propagule with a size range of 30Á100 mm on Signy Island in Maritime Antarctica.…”

Section: Biological Crusts and Lichensmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Lichens face considerable problems in colonising new sites and maintaining existing populations. Mycobionts can distribute separately via Asco-or Basidiospores, or asexual by singular lichen structures, that contain both, mycobiont and phycobiont, such as insidia (protuberances from the thallus of corticated algae and medullary tissue), soredia (several algal cells encased by a hyphae) or hormocrusts (fragments if filamentous cyanophyte Nostoc spp with hypha penetrating the thallus fragments (Marshall, 1996;Oksanen, 2006)). …”

Section: Biological Crusts and Lichensmentioning

confidence: 99%

Primary biological aerosol particles in the atmosphere: a review

Després¹,

Huffman

Burrows³

et al. 2012

Tellus B: Chemical and Physical Meteorology

1,194

1,114

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A B S T R A C T Atmospheric aerosol particles of biological origin are a very diverse group of biological materials and structures, including microorganisms, dispersal units, fragments and excretions of biological organisms. In recent years, the impact of biological aerosol particles on atmospheric processes has been studied with increasing intensity, and a wealth of new information and insights has been gained. This review outlines the current knowledge on major categories of primary biological aerosol particles (PBAP): bacteria and archaea, fungal spores and fragments, pollen, viruses, algae and cyanobacteria, biological crusts and lichens and others like plant or animal fragments and detritus. We give an overview of sampling methods and physical, chemical and biological techniques for PBAP analysis (cultivation, microscopy, DNA/RNA analysis, chemical tracers, optical and mass spectrometry, etc.). Moreover, we address and summarise the current understanding and open questions concerning the influence of PBAP on the atmosphere and climate, i.e. their optical properties and their ability to act as ice nuclei (IN) or cloud condensation nuclei (CCN). We suggest that the following research activities should be pursued in future studies of atmospheric biological aerosol particles: (1) develop efficient and reliable analytical techniques for the identification and quantification of PBAP; (2) apply advanced and standardised techniques to determine the abundance and diversity of PBAP and their seasonal variation at regional and global scales (atmospheric biogeography); (3) determine the emission rates, optical properties, IN and CCN activity of PBAP in field measurements and laboratory experiments; (4) use field and laboratory data to constrain numerical models of atmospheric transport, transformation and climate effects of PBAP.

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“…However, dispersal by water is more probable (Coulson et al 2002), but has not been investigated in Antarctic springtails other than on a very local scale (Hayward et al 2004). The low tolerance of desiccation by springtails sets them apart from many other Antarctic organisms for which wind is a significant agent of dispersal (Marshall 1996(Marshall , 1997Marshall & Chalmers 1997;Marshall & Convey 1997;Muñ oz et al 2004).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial and temporal variability across life's hierarchies in the terrestrial Antarctic

Chown

Convey

2007

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

200

197

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Antarctica and its surrounding islands lie at one extreme of global variation in diversity. Typically, these regions are characterized as being species poor and having simple food webs. Here, we show that terrestrial systems in the region are nonetheless characterized by substantial spatial and temporal variations at virtually all of the levels of the genealogical and ecological hierarchies which have been thoroughly investigated. Spatial variation at the individual and population levels has been documented in a variety of genetic studies, and in mosses it appears that UV-B radiation might be responsible for within-clump mutagenesis. At the species level, modern molecular methods have revealed considerable endemism of the Antarctic biota, questioning ideas that small organisms are likely to be ubiquitous and the taxa to which they belong species poor. At the biogeographic level, much of the relatively small ice-free area of Antarctica remains unsurveyed making analyses difficult. Nonetheless, it is clear that a major biogeographic discontinuity separates the Antarctic Peninsula and continental Antarctica, here named the 'Gressitt Line'. Across the Southern Ocean islands, patterns are clearer, and energy availability is an important correlate of indigenous and exotic species richness, while human visitor numbers explain much of the variation in the latter too. Temporal variation at the individual level has much to do with phenotypic plasticity, and considerable lifehistory and physiological plasticity seems to be a characteristic of Antarctic terrestrial species. Environmental unpredictability is an important driver of this trait and has significantly influenced life histories across the region and probably throughout much of the temperate Southern Hemisphere. Rapid climate change-related alterations in the range and abundance of several Antarctic and subAntarctic populations have taken place over the past several decades. In many sub-Antarctic locations, these have been exacerbated by direct and indirect effects of invasive alien species. Interactions between climate change and invasion seem set to become one of the most significant conservation problems in the Antarctic. We conclude that despite the substantial body of work on the terrestrial biodiversity of the Antarctic, investigations of interactions between hierarchical levels remain scarce. Moreover, little of the available information is being integrated into terrestrial conservation planning, which lags far behind in this region by comparison with most others.

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Aerial dispersal of lichen soredia in the maritime Antarctic

Cited by 75 publications

References 27 publications

Ubiquity of ice nucleation in lichen — possible atmospheric implications

Ubiquity of ice nucleation in lichen — possible atmospheric implications

Primary biological aerosol particles in the atmosphere: a review

Spatial and temporal variability across life's hierarchies in the terrestrial Antarctic

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