Aerially applied verbenone-releasing laminated flakes protect Pinus contorta stands from attack by Dendroctonus ponderosae in California and Idaho

Gillette, Nancy E.; Erbilgin, Nadir; Webster, Jeffrey N.; Pederson, Lee; Mori, Sylvia R.; Stein, John D.; Owen, Donald R.; Bischel, K.M.; Wood, David L.

doi:10.1016/j.foreco.2008.12.017

Cited by 49 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…Thus, the (presumed) more uniform 'cloud' of NHV from the large number of flakes did not 'mask' the pheromone any better than the 8 point sources, thus falsifying hypothesis d. Flakes releasing the anti-attractant verbenone protect pine trees from attack by Dendroctonus bark beetles (Gillette et al, 2009), but whether they can be used successfully in forest protection against I. typographus needs further investigation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

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Attraction Modulated by Spacing of Pheromone Components and Anti-attractants in a Bark Beetle and a Moth

et al. 2011

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Orientation for insects in olfactory landscapes with high semiochemical diversity may be a challenging task. The partitioning of odor plumes into filaments that are interspersed with pockets of 'clean air' may help filament discrimination and upwind flight to attractive sources in the face of inhibitory signals. We studied the effect of distance between odor sources on trap catches of the beetle, Ips typographus, and the moth, Spodoptera littoralis. Insects were tested both to spatially separated pheromone components [cis-verbenol and 2-methyl-3-buten-2-ol for Ips; (Z,E)-9,11-tetradecadienyl acetate and (Z,E)-9,12-tetradecadienyl acetate for Spodoptera], and to separated pheromone and anti-attractant sources [non-host volatile (NHV) blend for Ips; (Z)-9-tetradecenyl acetate for Spodoptera]. Trap catch data were complemented with simulations of plume structure and plume overlap from two separated sources using a photo ionization detector and soap bubble generators. Trap catches of the beetle and the moth were both affected when odor sources in the respective traps were increasingly separated. However, this effect on trap catch occurred at smaller (roughly by an order of magnitude) odor source separation distances for the moth than for the beetle. This may reflect differences between the respective olfactory systems and central processing. For both species, the changes in trap catches in response to separation of pheromone components occurred at similar spacing distances as for separation of pheromone and anti-attractant sources. Overlap between two simulated plumes depended on distance between the two sources. In addition, the number of detected filaments and their concentration decreased with downwind distance. This implies that the response to separated odor sources in the two species might take place under different olfactory conditions. Deploying multiple sources of anti-attractant around a pheromone trap indicated long-distance (meter scale) effects of NHV on the beetle and a potential use for NHV in forest protection.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Flakes baited with verbenone (Gillette et al, 2009) or 1-hexanol plus trans-conophthorin, were used in combination (50:50 weight: weight ratio). A total of 40 g (ca 6000 flakes) were distributed on the ground around the pheromone trap, covering an area with a 2 m radius.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Attraction Modulated by Spacing of Pheromone Components and Anti-attractants in a Bark Beetle and a Moth

et al. 2011

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“…Verbenone dis- pensing strategies, densities of beetle populations, and stand susceptibilities may account for differences in efÞcacy (Gillette et al 2009). The deployment of many small, point-source releasers, such as verbenone-releasing ßakes, could provide improved efÞcacy over plastic pouches or bubblecaps (Gillette et al 2009). Individual membrane-type dispensers were used as part of our current study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interruption of the Semiochemical-Based Attraction of Ambrosia Beetles to Ethanol-Baited Traps and Ethanol-Injected Trap Trees by Verbenone

et al. 2013

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We examined the extent to which verbenone, a bark beetle antiaggregation pheromone, interrupted the semiochemical-based attraction of ambrosia beetles. Field trapping studies conducted in Ohio showed that a verbenone dispenser with a release rate of 50 mg/d at 25°C reduced the attraction of Anisandrus sayi Hopkins, Euwallacea validus (Eichhoff), Hypothenemus dissimilis (Zimmermann), Xylosandrus germanus (Blandford), and Xyleborinus saxesenii (Ratzeburg) to ethanol-baited traps. A verbenone dispenser attached to ethanol-injected Magnolia virginiana L. trap trees deployed in Ohio also reduced ambrosia beetle attacks compared to trap trees without a verbenone dispenser. Subsequent field trials demonstrated a direct relationship between distance from a verbenone dispenser and ambrosia beetle attacks on trap trees in Ohio in 2011 and 2012 and Tennessee in 2012, but not in Tennessee and Virginia in 2011. Assessment of the influence of verbenone on the probability of attacks above a density threshold found that although attacks occurred on trap trees regardless of their proximity to a verbenone dispenser, the higher density of attacks per tree occurred on trap trees farthest away from the verbenone source in Ohio and Tennessee. Verbenone alone could be somewhat useful for discouraging ambrosia beetle attacks on individual trees or on a small spatial scale, but deployment of verbenone might be most effective when integrated as part of a "push-pull" strategy.

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“…Several attempts to protect trees from bark beetle attacks with dispensers of NHV have been promising (Jakuš et al 2003;Zhang and Schlyter 2004;Gillette et al 2009). A similar approach could be implemented with the release of MeSa with the aim of preventing attacks of PPM in pine stands.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Non-host volatiles mediate associational resistance to the pine processionary moth

et al. 2011

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An increasing body of evidence indicates that the association between different plant species may lead to a reduction in insect herbivory, i.e. associational resistance. This might be due to a top-down regulation of herbivores by increased numbers of natural enemies or to a disruptive bottom-up influence of lower host plant accessibility. In particular, the richer plant communities release more diverse plant odours that may disturb olfactory-guided host choice and mating behaviour of insect herbivores, i.e. the "semiochemical diversity hypothesis". However, this hypothesis has been rarely tested experimentally in natural habitats, notably forest ecosystems. We tested the effects of non-host volatiles (NHV) on mate and host location by the pine processionary moth (PPM) at the scale of individual pine trees with branches of non-host tree (birch) at their base. Pheromone trap catches and the numbers of larval nests were both reduced by non-host presence under treated pine trees, confirming an associational resistance mediated by NHV. In both males and females, the antenna could detect several birch volatiles, including methyl salicylate (MeSa). MeSa inhibited the attraction of the PPM male to pheromone traps, as did bark and leaf chips from birch trees. Our test of three doses of MeSa at the habitat scale (50 m forest edges) showed that the reduction in the numbers of male PPM captured in traps and in larval nests was MeSa dose-dependent. These results show that odours released by deciduous non-host trees can reduce herbivory by a forest defoliator in conifers, providing support to the "semiochemical diversity hypothesis" as a mechanism of associational resistance.

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Aerially applied verbenone-releasing laminated flakes protect Pinus contorta stands from attack by Dendroctonus ponderosae in California and Idaho

Cited by 49 publications

References 43 publications

Attraction Modulated by Spacing of Pheromone Components and Anti-attractants in a Bark Beetle and a Moth

Attraction Modulated by Spacing of Pheromone Components and Anti-attractants in a Bark Beetle and a Moth

Interruption of the Semiochemical-Based Attraction of Ambrosia Beetles to Ethanol-Baited Traps and Ethanol-Injected Trap Trees by Verbenone

Non-host volatiles mediate associational resistance to the pine processionary moth

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