Aero‐mechanical design of high‐lift systems

Dam, C. P. van; Shaw, Samuel; Kam, Jeremy C. Vander; Rudolph, Peter K. C.; Kinney, David J.

doi:10.1108/00022669910296873

Cited by 12 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…A comparison of the flap overlap and gap for a track and roller flap support and actuation system against that of a four-bar linkage system indicates that the latter is capable of generating much larger gaps at small flap angles and, hence, is the preferred system in this situation. Van Dam et al [121,122] developed a multi-disciplinary approach to quickly and accurately predict the constrained performance characteristics of a trailingedge flap system. This technique allows a general database of aerodynamic performance to be integrated directly into the mechanism design and analysis.…”

Section: Multi-element Airfoilsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The aerodynamic design of multi-element high-lift systems for transport airplanes

Dam¹

2002

Progress in Aerospace Sciences

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High-lift systems have a major influence on the sizing, economics, and safety of most transport airplane configurations. The combination of complexity in flow physics, geometry, and system support and actuation has historically led to a lengthy and experiment intensive development process. However, during the recent past engineering design has changed significantly as a result of rapid developments in computational hardware and software. In aerodynamic design, computational methods are slowly superseding empirical methods and design engineers are spending more and more time applying computational tools instead of conducting physical experiments to design and analyze aircraft including their high-lift systems. The purpose of this paper is to review recent developments in aerodynamic design and analysis methods for multi-element high-lift systems on transport airplanes. Attention is also paid to the associated mechanical and cost problems since a multi-element high-lift system must be as simple and economical as possible while meeting the required aerodynamic performance levels. r

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Section: Multi-element Airfoilsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The aerodynamic design of multi-element high-lift systems for transport airplanes

Dam¹

2002

Progress in Aerospace Sciences

Self Cite

254

109

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“…Smith set up five primary effects of gaps that dominate the high-lift aerodynamics, namely slat effect, circulation effect, dumping effect, off-the-surface pressure recovery and fresh-boundary-layer effect. Nowadays a focus in the field of high-lift research deals with multidisciplinary aspects as shown by van Dam et al [4], more recently by Dirk M. Franke German Aerospace Center, Institute of Aerodynamics and Flow Technology, Lilienthalplatz 7, 38108 Braunschweig, Germany, e-mail: d.franke@dlr.de Takenaka et al [11] and Kolla et al [7]. Van Dam optimized the aero-mechanical system while analyzing the trailing edge kinematics and taking the aerodynamic performance of the flap setting from a database.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aerodynamic Optimization of a High-Lift System with Kinematic Constraints

Franke

2013

Notes on Numerical Fluid Mechanics and Multidisciplinary Design

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The design of the high-lift system is crucial for the economical success of a commercial airplane. The aim of this work is to find an optimized high-lift system with improved aerodynamic performance and kinematic properties. The analysis presented in this work covers the simulation of the aerodynamics and the kinematics, which are embedded in an optimization framework. The optimization revealed a configuration that fulfills the kinematic constraints and an improvement in the aerodynamic performance. It can be stated that the consideration of additional kinematic constraints for an aerodynamic setting optimization leads to a more realistic design.

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“…2 In the context of mechanisms to deploy high-lift systems, Rudolph 3 reviewed and described in detail concepts used for commercial aircrafts. Multidisciplinary aspects related to high-lift system are presented by v. Dam et al, 4 Takenaka and Nakahashi, 5 and Kolla et al. 6 These publications deal with the aerodynamic optimization of high-lift systems under consideration of the flap mechanism.…”

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confidence: 98%

Investigation on continuously deflectable High-Lift Devices for a 3D High-Lift Configuration

Franke

2015

33rd AIAA Applied Aerodynamics Conference

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This work deals with the investigation of continuously deflectable high-lift devices. The aim of this work is to derive optimal high-lift settings for off-design conditions and to evaluate the benefits of this technology. Off-design is related in this context to airport, aircraft and atmospheric specific conditions. Within the work a fully automatized process chain (high-fidelity methods are used) is implemented to generate an aerodynamic database for various high-lift settings. This data base is used by a preliminary design tool to simulate the overall aircraft for take-off, approach and landing at off-design. The resulting data are fed in a response surface model (RSM) to obtain the overall behavior for the slat/flap deflection angle domain. The interpolated values are used to derive optimal high-lift settings. The results show consistent behavior. It is found that for take-off valuable benefits can be achieved. For landing the results indicate that a further flap deflection than the standard landing setting is beneficial. NomenclatureAoA Aircraft angle of attack,MAC Mean aerodynamic chord length, [m] M Mach-number, [-] Re Reynolds-number, [-] S Reference area, [m 2 ] t Temperature, [ • C] T /W Thrust to weight ratio, [N/kg] T rev Reverse thrust, [N] v Velocity, [m/s] v s1g 1-g stall speed, [m/s] W Weight, [kg] W/S Wing-loading, [kg/m 2 ] AEO All engines operative BFL Balanced field length CAD Computer aided design CFD Computational fluid dynamics FAA Federal aviation administration ISA International standard atmosphere LFL Landing field length LW Landing weight MLW Maximum landing weight MTOW Maximum take-off weight OEI One engine inoperative OEW Operating empty weight RSM Response surface model TOFL Take-off field length TOW Take-off weight Symbols δ Deflection angle, [ • ] γ Flight path angle, [ • ] µ rGround roll friction coefficient, [-]

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Aero‐mechanical design of high‐lift systems

Cited by 12 publications

References 6 publications

The aerodynamic design of multi-element high-lift systems for transport airplanes

The aerodynamic design of multi-element high-lift systems for transport airplanes

Aerodynamic Optimization of a High-Lift System with Kinematic Constraints

Investigation on continuously deflectable High-Lift Devices for a 3D High-Lift Configuration

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