Aero-propulsive interaction model for conceptual distributed propulsion aircraft design

Abstract

Purpose This research aims to present an aero-propulsive interaction model applied to conceptual aircraft design with distributed electric propulsion (DeP). The developed model includes a series of electric ducted fans integrated into the wing upper trailing edge, taking into account the effect of boundary layer ingestion (BLI). The developed model aims to estimate the aerodynamic performance of the wing with DeP using an accurate low-order computational model, which can be easily used in the overall aircraft design's optimization process. Design/methodology/approach First, the ducted fan aerodynamic performance is investigated using a low-order computational model over a range of angle of attack required for conventional flight based on ducted fan design code program and analytical models. Subsequently, the aero-propulsive coupling with the wing is introduced. The DeP location chordwise is placed at the wing's trailing edge to have the full benefits of the BLI. After that, the propulsion integration process is introduced. The nacelle design's primary function is to minimize the losses due to distortion. Finally, the aerodynamic forces of the overall configuration are estimated based on Athena Vortex Lattice program and the developed ducted fan model. Findings The ducted fan model is validated with experimental measurements from the literature. Subsequently, the overall model, the wing with DeP, is validated with experimental measurements and computational fluid dynamics, both from the literature. The results reveal that the currently developed model successfully estimates the aerodynamic performance of DeP located at the wing trailing edge. Originality/value The developed model's value is to capture the aero-propulsive coupling accurately and fast enough to execute multiple times in the overall aircraft design's optimization loop without increasing runtime substantially.

The Modeling and Control of a Distributed-Vector-Propulsion UAV with Aero-Propulsion Coupling Effect

“…The aerodynamic performance of aircraft has also been improved due to the aero-propulsion coupling from DEP. The Europe program "Clean Sky 2" pointed out that the maximum lift coefficient could even reach 4.5 in the 2D scenario affected by ducted fans [7]. In addition, through wind tunnel tests and CFD computation [8], it is confirmed that DEP has the positive characteristics of increasing lift and reducing drag at low airspeed.…”