Aeroacoustics of Vertical Lift Ducted Rotors

Myers, Leighton M.; Rhee, Wook; McLaughlin, Dennis K.

doi:10.2514/6.2009-3333

Cited by 5 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 0 publications

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“…NA -N Panel method validation available Graf et al (31) 5 10(11.25) NA NA NA NA -N Lip shape and control methods study Akturk et al (32) NA 5 0.25 NA NA NA -N PIV measurements Ohanian et al (66) NA NA NA NA NA NA -N Synthetic jet Akturk and Camci (34) NA 23.6 0.28 A NA A -N Tip clearance study Rhee et al (35) 4.65 9.5 0.21…”

Section: Namentioning

confidence: 99%

“…(30) (d) Graf et al (31) (e) Pereira. (3) (f) Akturk et al (32) (g) Ohanian et al (33) (h) Akturk and Camci (34) (i) Rhee et al (35) (j) Yilmaz et al (36) (k) Bahram. (26) …”

Section: Experimental Work On Ducted Fansmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The influence of the tip clearance was reported as insignificant, but the separation at the inlet lip was found to increase the broadband noise contributions. Rhee et al (35) also conducted a series of wind tunnel tests to study the acoustic characteristics of the ducted fan without cross-wind effects. The comparisons showed that the noise level of the ducted fan was slightly higher than for open rotors when producing the same thrust.…”

Section: Ducted Fan Research Challengesmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Review on ducted fans for compound rotorcraft

Zhang

Barakos

2020

Aeronaut. j.

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This paper presents a survey of published works on ducted fans for aeronautical applications. Early and recent experiments on full- or model-scale ducted fans are reviewed. Theoretical studies, lower-order simulations and high-fidelity CFD simulations are also summarised. Test matrices of several experimental and numerical studies are compiled and discussed. The paper closes with a summary of challenges for future ducted fan research.

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Section: Namentioning

confidence: 99%

“…(30) (d) Graf et al (31) (e) Pereira. (3) (f) Akturk et al (32) (g) Ohanian et al (33) (h) Akturk and Camci (34) (i) Rhee et al (35) (j) Yilmaz et al (36) (k) Bahram. (26) …”

Section: Experimental Work On Ducted Fansmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Ducted Fan Research Challengesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Review on ducted fans for compound rotorcraft

Zhang

Barakos

2020

Aeronaut. j.

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“…As for acoustic noise of blade and duct, previous researches on the generation and propagation of the noise of rotor and axial fan have yielded large amount of good results (Carolus et al , 2007; Farassat, 1981; Hu et al , 2013; Lee et al , 2002; Maaloum et al , 2004; Polacsek and Desbois, 2003; Rhee et al , 2013; Zhao and Xu, 2007). Generally, the noise source is expressed using acoustic analogy and the flow field is solved using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) or measured by experimental means.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This method is verified by the perfect correspondence between numerical and experimental results of AH-1 rotor. Over the past two decades, the boundary element method (BEM) has become a valuable modeling, especially for problems involving unbounded domains (Carley, 2003; Huang et al , 2015; Larbi et al , 2014; Qian et al , 2004, 2013; Rhee et al , 2013; Song et al , 2016). Lee et al (2002) calculated the acoustic pressure of fan noise using the acoustic analogy, and introduced the Kirchhoff-Helmholtz BEM to consider the scattering effect of the solid wall.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design parameters improvement of helicopter ducted tail rotor

Zhong

Huang

2018

AEAT

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to reduce the acoustic noise of helicopter ducted tail rotor. Design/methodology/approach To predict the noise accurately, a thin-body boundary element method (BEM)/Ffowcs Williams–Hawkings method is developed in this paper. It is a hybrid method combining the BEM with computational aeroacoustics and can be used efficiently to predict the propagation of sound wave in the duct. Findings Compared with the experimental results, the proposed method of acoustic noise is rather desirable. Practical implications Then several geometry parameters are modified to investigate the noise reduction of ducted tail rotor by using the numerical prediction method. Originality/value The aerodynamic and acoustic performance of different modification tasks is discussed. These results demonstrate the validity of design parameters modification of ducted tail rotor in acoustic noise reduction.

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An Affordable Acoustic Measurement Campaign for Early Prototyping Applied to Electric Ducted Fan Units

Schoder¹,

Schmidt²,

Fürlinger³

et al. 2023

Preprint

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New innovative green concepts in electrified vertical take-off and landing vehicles currently emerge as a revolution to urban mobility going into the third dimension (vertically). The high population density of cities makes the market share highly attractive while posing an extraordinary challenge for community acceptance due to the increasing and possibly noisier commuter traffic. In addition to passenger transport, package deliveries to customers by drones may enter the market. The new challenges associated with this increasing transportation need in urban, rural and populated areas pose challenges for established companies and startups to deliver low-noise emission products. The article's objective is to revisit the benefits and drawbacks of an affordable acoustic measurement campaign focused on early prototyping. In the very early phase of product development, often considerably limited resources are available. With this in mind, the article discusses the sound power results using the enveloping surface method in a typically available low-reflection room with a reflecting floor according to DIN EN ISO 3744:2011-02. The method is applied to a subsonic electric ducted fan (EDF) unit of a 1:2 scaled electrified vertical take-off and landing vehicle. The results show that considerable information at low costs can be gained for the early prototyping stage, despite this easy-to-use, easy-to-realize, and not fine-tuned measurement setup. Furthermore, the limitations and improvements to a possible experimental setup are presented to discuss a potentially more ideal measurement environment. Measurements at discrete operating points and transient measurements across the total operating range were conducted to provide complete information on the EDF's acoustic behavior. The rotor-self noise and the rotor-stator interaction were identified as primary tonal sound sources, along with the highest broadband noise sources located on the rotor. Based on engineering experience, a first acoustic improvement treatment is also quantified with a sound power level reduction of 4dB(A). In conclusion, the presented method is a beneficial first measurement campaign to quantify the acoustic properties of an electric ducted fan unit at minimal resources in a reasonable time of several weeks when starting from scratch.

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Aeroacoustics of Vertical Lift Ducted Rotors

Cited by 5 publications

References 0 publications

Review on ducted fans for compound rotorcraft

Review on ducted fans for compound rotorcraft

Design parameters improvement of helicopter ducted tail rotor

An Affordable Acoustic Measurement Campaign for Early Prototyping Applied to Electric Ducted Fan Units

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