Aerobic and anaerobic microbiology of periapical abscess

Brook, Itzhak; Frazier, Edith H.; Gher, Marlin E.

doi:10.1111/j.1399-302x.1991.tb00464.x

Cited by 160 publications

(113 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Peptostreptococcus, Prevotella, Porphyromonas, and Fusobacterium are frequently isolated from orofacial odontogenic infections. [1][2][3][4][5][6]15,16 Our bacteriologic data was in good agreement with that of these previous studies. The present study was analyzed with respect to isolation flora and type of infection.…”

supporting

confidence: 83%

“…The average number of isolates per abscess was approximately four strains, which was a finding in agreement with those of other reports. 15,16 Only small differences in the isolated flora were observed among these types of infections (Table II). Strict anaerobes were found in almost of all of the patients, and these were often accompanied with facultative anaerobes, especially streptococci, regardless of the type of infection.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Bacteriologic features and antimicrobial susceptibility in isolates from orofacial odontogenic infections

Kuriyama¹,

Karasawa²,

Nakagawa³

et al. 2000

Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology, Oral Radiology, an

160

128

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Objective. The aim of this study is to obtain helpful information for an effective antimicrobial therapy against orofacial odontogenic infections; such information would be obtained from recent bacteriologic features and antimicrobial susceptibility data.Study design. The bacteriology and antimicrobial susceptibility of major pathogens in 163 patients with orofacial odontogenic infections to seven antibiotics was examined.Results. Mixed infection of strict anaerobes with facultative anaerobes (especially viridans streptococci) was observed most often in dentoalveolar infections, periodontitis, and pericoronitis. Penicillin (penicillin G) was effective against almost all pathogens, although it did not work well against ß-lactamase-positive Prevotella. Cefmetazole was effective against all test pathogens. Erythromycin was ineffective against viridans streptococci and most Fusobacterium. Clindamycin exerted a strong antimicrobial activity on anaerobes. Minocycline was effective against almost all of the test pathogens. The antimicrobial activity of levofloxacin against viridans streptococci was not strong.Conclusions. An antibiotic that possesses antimicrobial activity against both viridans streptococci and oral anaerobes should be suitable for treatment of dentoalveolar infection, periodontitis, and pericoronitis. Penicillin remains effective as an antimicrobial against most major pathogens in orofacial odontogenic infections.Cefmetazole, clindamycin, and minocycline may be effective against most pathogens, including penicillin-unsusceptible bacteria. 2Although numerous patients suffer from orofacial odontogenic infections, many of these infections can be managed without the use of antibiotics, e.g., by tooth extraction, endodontic therapy, and surgical treatment, including drainage. However, when an acute bacterial infection has progressed or antimicrobial therapy might be of benefit to patients, antibiotics are prescribed. [1][2][3][4][5][6] When antibiotics are prescribed for the treatment of orofacial odontogenic infections, clinicians should choose them on a case-specific basis, and the choice should be based on several factors, e.g., laboratory data, patient's health, age, allergies, drug absorption and distribution ability, and plasma levels. [1][2][3][4][5][6] Penetration and metabolism of the drug, type or location of the infection, previous use of antibiotics, and cost are other factors to be considered. [1][2][3][4][5][6] The laboratory data regarding bacteriology and antimicrobial susceptibility is crucial information for the clinician considering the administration of the antimicrobial therapy. 3,6,[7][8][9] However, it may take several days or even longer to obtain such data. Hence, antibiotics may be chosen empirically. ß-Lactam antibiotics, especially penicillins, have traditionally been recommended as a first-line antibiotic because they work well against most causative bacteria and because penicillins have a low incidence of side effects. [1][2][3][4][5][6] Furthermore, such medicines are relativ...

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supporting

confidence: 83%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Bacteriologic features and antimicrobial susceptibility in isolates from orofacial odontogenic infections

Kuriyama¹,

Karasawa²,

Nakagawa³

et al. 2000

Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology, Oral Radiology, an

160

128

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…6,7,[14][15][16][17] Interestingly, Porphyromonas species was rarely encountered and Eikonella species and Veillonella species were isolated more frequently compared to previous studies. 6,7,[14][15][16][17] These variations could in part be due to differences in culture media used for the initial isolation. Almost all isolates of streptococci, Peptostreptococcus species and Fusobacterium species were susceptible to penicillin.…”

Section: Influence Of Penicillin-resistance On the Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 54%

An outcome audit of the treatment of acute dentoalveolar infection: impact of penicillin resistance

et al. 2005

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O Ob bj je ec ct ti iv ve e The aim of this audit was to measure the outcome of treatment of acute dentoalveolar infection and to determine if this was influenced by choice of antibiotic therapy or the presence of penicillin-resistance. S Su ub bj je ec ct ts s a an nd d m me et th ho od ds s A total of 112 patients with dentoalveolar infection were included in the audit. All patients underwent drainage, either incisional (n=105) or opening of the pulp chamber (n=7) supplemented with antibiotic therapy. A pus specimen was obtained from each patient for culture and susceptibility. Clinical signs and symptoms were recorded at the time of first presentation and re-evaluated after 48 or 72 h. R Re es su ul lt ts s A total of 104 (99%) of the patients who underwent incisional drainage exhibited improvement after 72 h. Signs and symptoms also improved in five of the seven patients who underwent drainage by opening of the root canal although the degree of improvement was less than that achieved by incisional drainage. Penicillin-resistant bacteria were found in 42 (38%) of the 112 patients in this study. Of the 65 patients who were given penicillin, 28 had penicillin-resistant bacteria.

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“…Strict anaerobes are usually the predominant bacteria, generally outnumbering the faculative anaerobes by a factor of three to four fold. [16][17][18] It is therefore understandable that clindamycin has been considered a suitable antimicrobial for the management of odontogenic infections.…”

Section: Antimicrobial Activitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…16 In fact interest in the micro-flora of root canals has largely been focused on anaerobic bacteria due to their predominance in untreated canals. 17,51,52 Enterococci, which are seldom found in these circumstances, have been isolated from teeth undergoing endodontic treatment and previously root treated teeth. [53][54][55][56] In a study of root filled teeth with apical periodontitis 69% of the bacterial strains recovered from the root canals were faculative anaerobes.…”

Section: Endodonticsmentioning

confidence: 99%