Aerobic exercise during pregnancy influences infant heart rate variability at one month of age

Impact of Maternal Exercise during Pregnancy on Offspring Chronic Disease Susceptibility

“…Therefore, we hypothesized that maternal exercise during pregnancy would result in decreased CVD risk in the offspring later in life. To this effect, recent research supports the notion that the prenatal environment can impact human fetal cardiovascular health (23, 24, 25). Data have shown that at 36 weeks of gestation, maternal exercise during pregnancy lowers fetal heart rate (HR) and increases HR variability (HRV) (23).…”

The influence of physical activity during pregnancy on maternal, fetal or infant heart rate variability: a systematic review

“…To assess self-reported maternal exercise, the authors used the ‘Modifiable Physical Activity Questionnaire’ (MPAQ). Finally, the remaining six articles [37–39, 41, 42, 47] were post-hoc analyses of subsets of the before mentioned longitudinal study of May et al [40]. Four of these post-hoc analyses referred to maternal or fetal HRV measurements performed in gestational week 36, one to maternal HRV measurements performed at 28, 32, and 36 weeks of gestation, and one to infant HRV measurements at one month of age.…”

“…of moderate to vigorous aerobic exercise/ 3 times a week; n  = 21) and control group ( n  = 19) a maternal, fetalM: SDNN, RMSSDF: SDNN, RMSSDA continuous, 18 min simultaneous fetal-maternal MCG was recorded for each subject using an investigational 83-channel dedicated fetal biomagnetometerGw36Comparison between control and exercise groups using Mann-Whitney-U testMay, Suminski, [37]Post-hoc analysis of fetal magnetocardiograms (May et al [40]) to assess fetal heart measures depending on the duration of maternal continuous and non-continuous leisure-time physical activity N  = 40; 23–39 yearssingleton, low-risk pregnanciesMPAQ to retrospectively classify whether the women perform continuous (e.g., walking, jogging) or non-continuous (e.g. weight lifting, yoga) a leisure-time physical activityfetalF: SDNN, RMSSD, VLF, LF, HFA continuous, 18 min simultaneous fetal-maternal MCG was recorded for each subject using an investigational 83-channel dedicated fetal biomagnetometerGw36Pearson Product Monument correlation to assess relationships between duration (min) of maternal continuous and non-continuous LTPA and fetal heart measures;Multiple regression analyses to predict fetal heart measuresMay, Scholtz, [39]Post-hoc analysis of a subset of infants from a prospective longitudinal pregnancy study (May et al [40]) to assess infant heart measures depending on maternal exercise behavior (exercise vs. control) N  = 43; 20–35 years, singleton, low-risk pregnanciesMPAQ to retrospectively categorize infants of women who were in the exercise (≥ 30 min. of moderate to vigorous aerobic exercise/ 3 times a week; n  = 16) and control group ( n  = 27) a infantI: SDNN, RMSSD, LF, HFA continuous, 18 min simultaneous fetal-maternal MCG was recorded for each subject using an investigational 83-channel dedicated fetal biomagnetometerOne month of ageStudent´s t -tests to compare infant HRV measures between exercise and control groupGustafson, [42]Post-hoc analysis of fetal magnetocardiograms (May et al [40]) to assess fetal heart measures depending on maternal exercise (exercise vs. control) N  = 30; 20–35 years, singleton, low-risk pregnanciesMPAQ to retrospectively categorize women into exercise (≥ 30 min.…”

The Autonomic Repercussions of Fetal and Maternal Interaction in Pre-eclampsia

“…The periods of maternal and fetal cardiac synchrony were explored (7,8). It was found that maternal relaxation, physical and mental activities could induce fetal autonomic response (9,10,11,12). In several studies maternal respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) was determined as an evident factor of maternal and fetal heart rate synchronization (7,13).…”