Aerobic fitness, body mass index, and CVD risk factors among adolescents: the Québec family study

Jc, Eisenmann; Katzmarzyk, Peter T.; Pérusse, Louis; Tremblay, Angelo; Jp, Després; Bouchard, Claude

doi:10.1038/sj.ijo.0802995

Cited by 139 publications

(142 citation statements)

References 65 publications

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“…1 Similar increases were evident throughout the Western world, 2,3 and more recent data indicate that the epidemic has spread globally. 4 Because obesity increases the risk of developing diabetes, 5 cardiovascular disease 6 and cancer, 7 the implications of increases in obesity prevalence are enormous. Estimates of economic costs amount to 5% of all healthcare spending in most Western societies.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physical activity energy expenditure has not declined since the 1980s and matches energy expenditures of wild mammals

2008

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Objective: Obesity results from protracted energy imbalance. Whether this comprises excessive energy intake, lowered physical activity or both, remains disputed. Design: Physical activity energy expenditure, evaluated in three different ways from daily energy expenditure (DEE) measured using doubly labelled water, was examined for trends over time. Data included subjects in Europe (Maastricht, the Netherlands) and North America extending back to the 1980s. These data were compared with measures from the third world, and measures made on wild terrestrial mammals. Results: Physical activity expenditure in Europe (residual of the regression of DEE on basal energy expenditure (BEE)) has slightly but significantly increased since the 1980s. There was no trend over time in physical activity level (PAL ¼ DEE/BEE), or in the residual variance in DEE once mass, sex and age were accounted for. This latter index of physical activity expenditure also significantly increased over time in North America. DEE of individuals in Europe and North America was not significantly different from individuals measured in the third world. In wild terrestrial mammals, DEE mostly depended on body mass and ambient temperature. Predicted DEE for a 78 kg mammal living at 20 1C was 9.2 MJ per day (95% CI: 7.9-12.9 MJ per day), not significantly different from the measured DEE of modern humans (around 10.2-12.6 MJ per day). Conclusion: As physical activity expenditure has not declined over the same period that obesity rates have increased dramatically, and daily energy expenditure of modern man is in line with energy expenditure in wild mammals, it is unlikely that decreased expenditure has fuelled the obesity epidemic.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physical activity energy expenditure has not declined since the 1980s and matches energy expenditures of wild mammals

2008

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“…In healthy children, the relationship of CRF or PA with cardiovascular risk factors is not only mediated by obesity [8,[11][12][13][14]. As in obesity, reduced levels of CRF and PA in adults are both associated with increased risks of cardiovascular and total mortality [15,16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Examples of the latter are changes in nutritional behaviour [5,6], decreased sleep duration [4] and an increase in sedentary behaviour [7]. Also included in this list are a decrease in physical activity (PA) or reduced cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) [8,9], which although partially genetically determined is also influenced by a lack of appropriate exercise [10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reduced cardiorespiratory fitness, low physical activity and an urban environment are independently associated with increased cardiovascular risk in children

et al. 2008

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Aims/hypothesis To assist in the development of preventive strategies, we studied whether the neighbourhood environment or modifiable behavioural parameters, including cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and physical activity (PA), are independently associated with obesity and metabolic risk markers in children. Methods We carried out a cross-sectional analysis of 502 randomly selected first and fifth grade urban and rural Swiss schoolchildren with regard to CRF, PA and the neighbourhood (rural vs urban) environment. Outcome measures included BMI, sum of four skinfold thicknesses, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and a standardised clustered metabolic risk score. Results CRF and PA (especially total PA, but also the time spent engaged in light and in moderate and vigorous intensity PA) were inversely associated with measures of obesity, HOMA-IR and the metabolic risk score, independently of each other, and of sociodemographic and nutritional parameters, media use, sleep duration, BMI and the neighbourhood environment (all p<0.05). Children living in a rural environment were more physically active and had higher CRF values and reduced HOMA-IR and metabolic risk scores compared with children living in an urban environment (all p<0.05). These differences in cardiovascular risk factors persisted after adjustment for CRF, total PA and BMI. Conclusions/interpretation Reduced CRF, low PA and an urban environment are independently associated with an increase in metabolic risk markers in children.

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“…Resultados del Quebec Family Study demostraron que adolescentes de 9 a 18 años de edad, con valores altos de IMC y baja aptitud aeróbica presentaban un perfil de riesgo de enfermedades cardiovasculares más pobre en comparación con aquellos con IMC bajo y alta aptitud que tenían un mejor perfil (29) . Por otro lado, cuando se examinó la influencia de la aptitud aeróbica y el lMC en los valores del síndrome metabólico (SM) en niños de 7 a 9 años, reportaron que niveles altos de AptCR modificaron el impacto que tuvo el lMC en la puntuación del SM (30) .…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

Estatus ponderal y aptitud cardiorrespiratoria en escolares de la región central del Perú

Bustamante

Maia

2014

Rev Peru Med Exp Salud Publica

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RESUMENObjetivos. Determinar la frecuencia del sobrepeso y obesidad, en función a los niveles de aptitud cardiorrespiratoria (AptCR) en escolares de cuatro distritos de la región central del Perú, y analizar la asociación entre estas variables. Materiales y métodos. El peso, altura y la AptCR fueron evaluados en 7841 escolares que residen en cuatro distritos ubicados en la costa, sierra y selva de la región central del Perú. El sobrepeso y la obesidad fueron clasificados según los criterios propuestos por Cole. La AptCR fue evaluada mediante la prueba de correr/caminar de doce minutos de la batería de la American Alliance for Health, Recreation and Dance. Se utilizó el ANOVA y la regresión logística para examinar las diferencias de las medias y asociaciones entre estas variables. Resultados. Escolares de ambos sexos presentan frecuencias semejantes de sobrepeso y obesidad (20,9% en mujeres y 20,1% en varones). Residentes en la costa (Barranco) manifiestan elevadas frecuencias de sobrepeso y obesidad (37,8%). La edad, el sexo, área geográfica y la AptCR fueron predictores significativos para el sobrepeso y la obesidad. Escolares que viven en Barranco tienen cinco veces más probabilidades de ser obesos (OR=4,67; IC95%: 3,55-6,14); los que residen en la sierra (Junín) tienen una menor probabilidad de ser obesos (OR=0,03; IC95%: 0,01-0,20); y quienes muestran una baja AptCR tienen una mayor probabilidad de ser obesos (OR=11 ,82; IC95%: 7,27), en comparación con aquellos con alta AptCR. Conclusiones. Los escolares que residen en Barranco presentan frecuencias de sobrepeso y obesidad elevados. Una baja AptCR está asociada al desarrollo del sobrepeso y la obesidad. Palabras clave: Sobrepeso; Obesidad; Fenómenos fisiológicos circulatorios y respiratorios; Adolescente (fuente: DeCS BIREME). WEIGHT STATUS AND CARDIORESPIRATORY FITNESS IN SCHOOL STUDENTS IN THE CENTRAL REGION OF PERU ABSTRACT Objectives.To determine the frequency of overweight and obesity in relation to cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) levels in school students in 4 districts of the central region of Peru, and to analyze the relations among these variables. Materials and methods. Weight, height and CRF were evaluated in 7841 school students who reside in four districts located on the coast, in the highlands and in the jungle of the central region of the country. Overweight and obesity were classified according to the criteria proposed by Cole. CRF was evaluated by a 12-minute run/walk test taken from the American Alliance for Health, Physical Education, Recreation and Dance's test battery. ANOVA and logistic regression were used to examine the differences of the averages and the associations among these variables. Results. Both male and female school students have similar frequency of overweight and obesity (20.9% in women and 20.1% in men). Residents of the coast (Barranco) presen thigh frequency of overweight and obesity (37.8%). Age, sex, geographical area and CRF were significant predictors of overweight and obesity. School students who live in Barranco...

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Aerobic fitness, body mass index, and CVD risk factors among adolescents: the Québec family study

Cited by 139 publications

References 65 publications

Physical activity energy expenditure has not declined since the 1980s and matches energy expenditures of wild mammals

Physical activity energy expenditure has not declined since the 1980s and matches energy expenditures of wild mammals

Reduced cardiorespiratory fitness, low physical activity and an urban environment are independently associated with increased cardiovascular risk in children

Estatus ponderal y aptitud cardiorrespiratoria en escolares de la región central del Perú

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