Aerobic fitness impacts sympathoadrenal axis responses to concurrent challenges

Webb, Heather E.; Rosalky, Deena A.; McAllister, Matthew J.; Acevedo, Edmund O.; Kamimori, Gary H.

doi:10.1007/s00421-016-3519-3

Cited by 13 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…Another potential system in physiological withdrawal from exercise, catecholamines (e.g., dopamine, norepinephrine, and epinephrine) are released in situations of physical and mental stress, including exercise (Webb, Rosalky, Mcallister, Acevedo, & Kamimori, 2017).…”

Section: Exercise Is Negatively Reinforced By Physiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Behavioral reinforcement of pathological exercise in anorexia nervosa

Coniglio

Cooper

Selby

2021

Intl J Eating Disorders

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Pathological exercise in anorexia nervosa (AN) is a harmful behavior associated with a chronic course and poor prognosis. To date, no comprehensive theoretical model exists to describe pathological exercise in the context of AN, and as such, few treatments are effective at promoting direct and sustained pathological exercise extinction.Using a framework put forth by Wise & Koob (2014), debating the relative importance of positive and negative reinforcement in substance use, we present three hypotheses of behavioral reinforcement of exercise, encompassing biological, psychological, and environmental influences. Specifically, we argue that exercise is positively reinforced through receipt of biological and behavioral rewards, negatively reinforced through avoidance of aversive emotions, and that these two systems work in tandem over time to engrain pathological exercise as a habit. We then present suggestions for testing each of these hypotheses as future directions for the field.

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Section: Exercise Is Negatively Reinforced By Physiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Behavioral reinforcement of pathological exercise in anorexia nervosa

Coniglio

Cooper

Selby

2021

Intl J Eating Disorders

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“…According to a World Health Organization statement, PA is an important factor in health and disease, and "insufficient physical activity is one of the leading risk factors for death worldwide" and risk factor for several diseases [111]. Health benefits are the exercise domain of moderateto-vigorous intensity that reduces body weight and fat mass, effects on body composition, well-being, the cardiovascular system, immune functions, and reduces risk of several cancers and depression [3,4,[112][113][114][115][116][117][118][119]. For example, the strength of preventive effects of PA for colorectum cancer has been established as "convincing", for postmenopausal breast cancer and endometrial cancer as "probable", for lung, adenocarcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, liver, and premenopausal cancers as "limited suggestive" [120].…”

Section: J U S T a C C E P T E Dmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physical exercise and catecholamines response: benefits and health risk: possible mechanisms

Kruk

Kotarska

Aboul‐Enein

2020

Free Radical Research

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Beneficial effect of regular moderate physical exercise (PE) and negative effect of severe exercise and/or overtraining as an activator of the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) have been shown in numerous aspects of human health, including reduced risk of cardiovascular disease, neurological disease, depression, and some types of cancer. Moderate-to-vigorous PE stimulates the SNS activation, releasing catecholamines (CATs) adrenaline, noradrenaline, dopamine that play an important regulatory and modulatory actions by affecting metabolic processes and the immune system. Summary of the dispersed literature in this area and explanation of the biological mechanisms operating between PE-CATs and the immune system would lead to a better understanding of the beneficial and negative effects of PE on health. This overview aimed to: demonstrate representative literature findings on the exercise released CATs levels, major functions performed by these hormones, their interactions with immune system and their effects on carbohydrate and lipid metabolism. Also, mechanisms of cytotoxic free radicals and reactive oxygen species generation during CATs oxidation, and molecular mechanisms of CATs response to exercise are discussed to demonstrate positive and negative on human health effects. Owing to the large body of the subject literature, we present a representative cross-section of the published studies in this area.The results show a significant role of CATs in carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, immunity and as generators of reactive oxygen species, depending on PE intensity and duration. Further investigation of the PE-CATs relationship should validate CATs levels to optimize safe intensity and duration of exercise and individualize their prescription, considering CATs to be applied as markers for a dose of exercise. Also, a better understanding of the biological mechanisms is also needed.

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“…According to the PSS-10 questionnaire, all athletes had a medium or high level of stress, of which 57.6% of athletes with scores above 20 on this scale had indirect indications for therapeutic assistance. Cardiovascular changes caused by stress associated with the secretion of catecholamine are similar to those observed during exercise (Gavrilovic, Spasojevic, & Dronjak, 2012;Hammadah et al, 2017;Sarvasti et al, 2020;Webb, Rosalky, McAllister, Acevedo, & Kamimori, 2017).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 58%

Prognostic value of serum soluble ST2 in professional athletes (Valor pronóstico de ST2 soluble en suero en deportistas profesionales)

Baurzhan¹,

Berkinbayev²,

Abzaliyev³

et al. 2021

Retos

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Background: The predictive value of serum soluble ST2 (sST2) biomarker for diagnostics of cardiovascular pathologies is still poorly understood as well as the role of psychological stress on the risk of heart disease. Aim: This study aimed at determining the diagnostic significance of the sST2 level in athletes involved in speed-strength sports. In addition, stress as a risk factor for the development of cardiovascular pathology was assessed and analysed as well. Methods: A prospective study on Greco-Roman wrestlers was carried out at the Centre for Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation (Almaty, Republic of Kazakhstan). All participants (n = 30) were males aged 20 to 34 years. The control group consisted of volunteers (VO) (n = 30). Anthropometric and hemodynamic parameters of athletes were studied along with electrocardiography (ECG) and ECG tests. The sST2 level was determined before (BT) and immediately after (AT) training. The stress level was determined using The Perceived Stress Scale-10 (PSS-10). Results: The average age of the athletes was 26.57 ± 3.6 years. The total training experience was 14.57 ± 4.02 years. According to the ECG data, minor deviations from the norm (13.3%) and an abnormal ECG (33.3%) were identified. Echo-CG data showed "moderate" and "pronounced changes" in 23.3% and 53.3% of cases, respectively. The sST2 level of VO (337.1 ± 61.8 pg / mL) was lower than that of BT (548.1 ± 32.6 pg / mL) (p ≤ 0.001). The sST2 level of AT, it was significantly higher (830.01 ± 71.6 pg / mL) than BT (p ≤ 0.001). The average and high level of stress among athletes was in 43.3% and 56.7% of cases, respectively. Stress increased the likelihood of developing distinctly abnormal ECG (OR = 1.06, 95% CI 1.01–1.08; p = 0.02). The stress level showed a positive correlation with the sST2 level (r = 0.752, p = 0.01). The sST2 concentration and categorical echocardiography data demonstrated a dependent positive correlation (r = 0.6, p = 0.01). Conclusions: Athletes' sST2 levels exceeded thresholds both before and after training. Moreover, the relationship between an increase in sST2 levels and abnormal ECG abnormalities and a high level of stress in athletes was determined. sST2 concentration was associated with cardio-pulmonary stress triggered by the cumulative exercise dose as well as with lifelong psychological stress. Our findings indicate that the elevated sST2 concentrations in athletes could be used as the predictive value. However, clinical relevance and results validity require further intensive studies. Resumen. Antecedentes: El valor predictivo del biomarcador ST2 soluble en suero (sST2) en la enfermedad cardiovascular aún no se conoce bien, así como el papel del estrés psicológico en el riesgo de enfermedad cardiovascular. Objetivos: Este estudio tuvo como objetivo determinar la importancia diagnóstica del nivel de sST2 en atletas involucrados en deportes de velocidad-fuerza. Además, también se evaluó y analizó el estrés como factor de riesgo para el desarrollo de patología cardiovascular. Métodos: Se llevó a cabo un estudio prospectivo sobre luchadores grecorromanos en el Centro de Medicina y Rehabilitación del Deporte (Almaty, República de Kazajstán). Todos los participantes (n = 30) eran hombres de entre 20 y 34 años. El grupo de control estaba formado por voluntarios (VO) (n = 30). Se estudiaron los parámetros antropométricos y hemodinámicos de los atletas junto con las pruebas de electrocardiografía (ECG). El nivel de sST2 se determinó antes (BT) e inmediatamente después (AT) del entrenamiento. El nivel de estrés se determinó utilizando la Escala de Estrés Percibido-10 (PSS-10). Resultados: La edad promedio de los deportistas fue de 26,57 ± 3,6 años. La experiencia de formación total fue de 14,57 ± 4,02 años. Según los datos del ECG, se identificaron desviaciones menores de la norma (13,3%) y un ECG anormal (33,3%). Los datos de Echo-CG mostraron cambios "moderados" y "pronunciados" en el 23,3% y el 53,3% de los casos, respectivamente. El nivel de sST2 del grupo VO (337,1 ± 61,8 pg / mL) fue menor que el de BT (548,1 ± 32,6 pg / mL) (p ≤ 0,001),). El nivel de sST2 en AT fue significativamente mayor (830.01 ± 71.6 pg / mL) que en BT (p ≤ 0.001). El nivel medio y alto de estrés entre los deportistas fue del 43,3% y el 56,7% de los casos, respectivamente. El estrés aumentó la probabilidad de desarrollar un ECG claramente anormal (OR = 1,06; IC del 95%: 1,01-1,08; p = 0,02). El nivel de estrés mostró una correlación positiva con el nivel de sST2 (r = 0,752, p = 0,01). La concentración de sST2 y los datos de la ecocardiografía categórica demostraron una correlación positiva dependiente (r = 0,6, p = 0,01). Conclusión: Los niveles de sST2 de los atletas excedieron los umbrales tanto antes como después del entrenamiento. Además, se determinó la relación entre un aumento en los niveles de sST2 y anomalías anormales del ECG y un alto nivel de estrés en los atletas. La concentración de sST2 se asoció con el estrés cardiopulmonar desencadenado por la dosis acumulativa de ejercicio, así como con el estrés psicológico de por vida. Nuestros hallazgos indican que las concentraciones elevadas de sST2 en los atletas pueden usarse como valor predictivo. Sin embargo, se requieren más estudios.

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Aerobic fitness impacts sympathoadrenal axis responses to concurrent challenges

Abstract: These findings demonstrate that cardiorespiratory fitness does impact the effect of concurrent stressors on CR and catecholamine responses.

Cited by 13 publications

References 38 publications

Behavioral reinforcement of pathological exercise in anorexia nervosa

Behavioral reinforcement of pathological exercise in anorexia nervosa

Physical exercise and catecholamines response: benefits and health risk: possible mechanisms

Prognostic value of serum soluble ST2 in professional athletes (Valor pronóstico de ST2 soluble en suero en deportistas profesionales)

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