Aerobic physical activity to improve memory and executive function in sedentary adults without cognitive impairment: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Hoffmann, Coles M.; Petrov, Megan E.; Lee, Rebecca E.

doi:10.1016/j.pmedr.2021.101496

Cited by 31 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…La combinación de ejercicio aeróbico y resistencia muscular, mejora significativamente la función física y la fragilidad en adultos mayores con obesidad. Por lo dicha intervención en el estilo de vida puede considerarse una estrategia efectiva para mitigar las complicaciones metabólicas y físicas relacionadas con el envejecimiento y la obesidad, con el objetivo final de prolongar la independencia funcional y la calidad de vida de los adultos mayores con obesidad (40) .…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

Effect of exercise on the memory of overweight or obese older adults: Systematic review

Gatica

Valdete

Altamirano

et al. 2022

Rev. Nac. (Itauguá)

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Section: Discussionunclassified

Effect of exercise on the memory of overweight or obese older adults: Systematic review

Gatica

Valdete

Altamirano

et al. 2022

Rev. Nac. (Itauguá)

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“…These positive, brain ageing reducing effects on PCC were achieved with over a decade of PA. PCC functional connectivity is also reduced in the early stages of AD [ 151 ]. Meta-analysis of randomised, controlled trials, in healthy adults aged 50 and older, reported improved memory, executive function, auditory attention, cognitive speed, visual attention motor function and cardiorespiratory fitness after aerobic PA programmes [ 152 , 153 ]. Guidelines for healthy ageing recommend a personalised, PA regime that enables at least 150 min of moderate-intensity aerobic activity, or 75 min of vigorous-intensity aerobic activity combined with at least two days of muscle-strengthening activities per week [ 154 ].…”

Section: Physical Activity Delays Ageing-related Changesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physical Exercise, a Potential Non-Pharmacological Intervention for Attenuating Neuroinflammation and Cognitive Decline in Alzheimer’s Disease Patients

Ribarič

2022

IJMS

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This narrative review summarises the evidence for considering physical exercise (PE) as a non-pharmacological intervention for delaying cognitive decline in patients with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) not only by improving cardiovascular fitness but also by attenuating neuroinflammation. Ageing is the most important risk factor for AD. A hallmark of the ageing process is a systemic low-grade chronic inflammation that also contributes to neuroinflammation. Neuroinflammation is associated with AD, Parkinson’s disease, late-onset epilepsy, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and anxiety disorders. Pharmacological treatment of AD is currently limited to mitigating the symptoms and attenuating progression of the disease. AD animal model studies and human studies on patients with a clinical diagnosis of different stages of AD have concluded that PE attenuates cognitive decline not only by improving cardiovascular fitness but possibly also by attenuating neuroinflammation. Therefore, low-grade chronic inflammation and neuroinflammation should be considered potential modifiable risk factors for AD that can be attenuated by PE. This opens the possibility for personalised attenuation of neuroinflammation that could also have important health benefits for patients with other inflammation associated brain disorders (i.e., Parkinson’s disease, late-onset epilepsy, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and anxiety disorders). In summary, life-long, regular, structured PE should be considered as a supplemental intervention for attenuating the progression of AD in human. Further studies in human are necessary to develop optimal, personalised protocols, adapted to the progression of AD and the individual’s mental and physical limitations, to take full advantage of the beneficial effects of PE that include improved cardiovascular fitness, attenuated systemic inflammation and neuroinflammation, stimulated brain Aβ peptides brain catabolism and brain clearance.

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“…With progressive sedentariness, it is easier to gain weight. In contrast, the foundational feature of a healthy lifestyle is regular physical activity (Mok et al, 2019), which has been shown to not only improve mood and decrease anxiety (Rodriguez-Ayllon et al, 2019), but also improve memory and executive functioning (Hoffmann et al, 2021)-making it easier to self-regulate and socialize.…”

Section: Lifestyle As a Networkmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Sedentary and Unhealthy Lifestyle Fuels Chronic Disease Progression by Changing Interstitial Cell Behaviour: A Network Analysis

Huston

2022

Front. Physiol.

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Managing chronic diseases, such as heart disease, stroke, diabetes, chronic lung disease and Alzheimer’s disease, account for a large proportion of health care spending, yet they remain in the top causes of premature mortality and are preventable. It is currently accepted that an unhealthy lifestyle fosters a state of chronic low-grade inflammation that is linked to chronic disease progression. Although this is known to be related to inflammatory cytokines, how an unhealthy lifestyle causes cytokine release and how that in turn leads to chronic disease progression are not well known. This article presents a theory that an unhealthy lifestyle fosters chronic disease by changing interstitial cell behavior and is supported by a six-level hierarchical network analysis. The top three networks include the macroenvironment, social and cultural factors, and lifestyle itself. The fourth network includes the immune, autonomic and neuroendocrine systems and how they interact with lifestyle factors and with each other. The fifth network identifies the effects these systems have on the microenvironment and two types of interstitial cells: macrophages and fibroblasts. Depending on their behaviour, these cells can either help maintain and restore normal function or foster chronic disease progression. When macrophages and fibroblasts dysregulate, it leads to chronic low-grade inflammation, fibrosis, and eventually damage to parenchymal (organ-specific) cells. The sixth network considers how macrophages change phenotype. Thus, a pathway is identified through this hierarchical network to reveal how external factors and lifestyle affect interstitial cell behaviour. This theory can be tested and it needs to be tested because, if correct, it has profound implications. Not only does this theory explain how chronic low-grade inflammation causes chronic disease progression, it also provides insight into salutogenesis, or the process by which health is maintained and restored. Understanding low-grade inflammation as a stalled healing process offers a new strategy for chronic disease management. Rather than treating each chronic disease separately by a focus on parenchymal pathology, a salutogenic strategy of optimizing interstitial health could prevent and mitigate multiple chronic diseases simultaneously.

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Aerobic physical activity to improve memory and executive function in sedentary adults without cognitive impairment: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Cited by 31 publications

References 26 publications

Effect of exercise on the memory of overweight or obese older adults: Systematic review

Effect of exercise on the memory of overweight or obese older adults: Systematic review

Physical Exercise, a Potential Non-Pharmacological Intervention for Attenuating Neuroinflammation and Cognitive Decline in Alzheimer’s Disease Patients

A Sedentary and Unhealthy Lifestyle Fuels Chronic Disease Progression by Changing Interstitial Cell Behaviour: A Network Analysis

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