Aerobic training but no resistance training increases SIRT3 in skeletal muscle of sedentary obese male adolescents

Abstract

In recent years, prevalence of obesity in children and adolescents has increased. A strategy for prevention and management of obesity is aerobic training (AT) due to its effectiveness to decrease fat mass. AT increases the content of SIRT3, a mitochondrial protein that increases the expression of PGC-1α and NFR1, thereby enhances mitochondrial function and metabolic health. Resistance training (RT) provides metabolic benefits but its effect on SIRT3 content is unknown. To compare the effect of AT and RT on SIRT3, PGC-1α and NRF-1 protein levels in skeletal muscle of sedentary obese adolescents. Twenty-seven sedentary obese male adolescents (age: 16.7 ± 0.9 years; BMI: 33.7 ± 4.3 kg/m) completed a 1-month control period prior to randomization to one of two supervised exercise protocols: AT (3 days/week, 40 min/day, 70-80% peak heart rate) or RT (3 days/week, 11 exercises, 2 sets/exercise, 12 repetitions/set) for 12 weeks. Biopsies were obtained from the vastus lateralis muscle before and after 12 weeks to analyse SIRT3, PGC-1α and NRF-1 proteins content. Peak oxygen consumption (VO and anthropometric variables were evaluated before and after training. AT increased SIRT3 content, which was associated with improvements in PGC-1α content and body fat percentage. RT did not affect SIRT3 or PGC-1α. VO increased only in AT. The increase in muscle mitochondrial SIRT3 was observed only following AT. In contrast, RT increased muscle mass without improving SIRT3 in obese male adolescents.

Increased dairy product consumption as part of a diet and exercise weight management program improves body composition in adolescent females with overweight and obesity—A randomized controlled trial

“…Although the between‐group differences were not significant, our findings are consistent with previous literature. The increase of 3.0 mL/kg/min in VO 2peak in the RDa group is similar to other exercise studies in adolescents with obesity showing increases of 2.7 mL/kg/min 51 and 3.8 mL/kg/min 52 . However, we did demonstrate that the RDa group increased their maximal power output (watts) by week 12, compared to the Con group.…”

Exercise and Sirtuins: A Way to Mitochondrial Health in Skeletal Muscle

“…The SIRT3 remained unchanged, suggesting that this protein might not be activated during resistance training because this type of training preferentially uses phosphocreatine and muscle glycogen for ATP synthesis in the sarcoplasm. This means that resistance training does not induce sufficient metabolic stress to activate oxidative phosphorylation, and consequently, the metabolic pathways that induce the activation of SIRT3 [37]. Other authors have reported that AMPKα2 activity increases immediately after an acute load of resistance exercise, however, after 2 h this effect decreases [52] and is possibly insufficient to activate the AMPK-PGC-1α-SIRT3 axis.…”

NAD+ metabolism as a target for metabolic health: have we found the silver bullet?

“…NAMPT levels correlated positively with PGC-1α expression, mitochondrial content, maximal mitochondrial ATP synthesis in skeletal muscle and overall maximal aerobic capacity [48]. Concordantly, increased skeletal muscle SIRT3 content and PGC-1α expression were reported in men who were sedentary obese at baseline after a 12 week aerobic exercise intervention [49]. In a 6 week one-leg endurance exercise intervention, NAMPT protein levels only increased in the trained leg as compared with the untrained leg [34], further supporting the paradigm of activating the NAD + /SIRT axis through exercise and NAMPT induction.…”