Aerodynamic-Aeroacoustic Optimization of a Baseline Wing and Flap Configuration

Abstract

Optimization design was widely used in the high-lift device design process, and the aeroacoustic reduction characteristic is an important objective of the optimization. The aerodynamic and aeroacoustic study on the baseline wing and flap configuration was performed numerically. In the current study, the three-dimensional Large Eddy Simulation (LES) equations coupled with dynamic Smagorinsky subgrid model and Ffowcs–William and Hawkings (FW–H) equation are employed to simulate the flow fields and carry out acoustic analogy. The numerical results show reasonable agreement with the experimental data. Further, the particle swarm optimization algorithm coupled with the Kriging surrogate model was employed to determine optimum location of the flap deposition. The Latin hypercube method is used for the generation of initial samples for optimization. In addition, the relationship between the design variables and the objective functions are obtained using the optimization sample points. The optimized maximum overall sound pressure level (OASPL) of far-field noise decreases by 3.99 dB with a loss of lift-drag ratio (L/D) of less than 1%. Meanwhile, the optimized performances are in good and reasonable agreement with the numerical predictions. The findings provide suggestions for the low-noise and high-lift configuration design and application in high-lift devices.

Recent Advances in Airfoil Self-Noise Passive Reduction

“…Flaps are among other parts of the wing whose noise performance is immensely sensitive to the continuous changes in the design parameters. Providing improved designs for higher aeroacoustic and aerodynamic performance of flap arrangements with lower noise and more lift is one of the primary objectives in the paper published by Ju et al [150].…”

“…With a loss of lift-to-drag ratio (L/D) of less than 1%, the method achieved a reduction in the Overall Sound Pressure Level (OASPL) of far-field noise of about 4 dB. [150].…”

Recent Advances in Passive Acoustic Localization Methods via Aircraft and Wake Vortex Aeroacoustics

“…Aircraft noise is a generally undesirable feature, especially around airports in populated areas, where deleterious effects of noise are to be minimized. Over the years, a number of noise mitigation strategies have been adopted by the aerospace industry [1], and aircraft designers are increasingly including aeroacoustics into the standard aerodynamic optimization considerations [2] and future supersonic vehicles [3]. Yet, despite all these attempts, a finite amount of acoustic sound will always be generated from a lift-generating vehicle.…”

Shape Optimization with a Flattening-Based Morphing Method

“…For example, engineers have developed the shapes of ground vehicles for many years to reduce aerodynamic drag and increase fuel efficiency [1][2][3][4][5]. They have also attempted to reduce wind noise and increase the driving stability at high-speed operating conditions via the modification of a vehicle's body shape [6][7][8][9]. Not only this, but designing the system's proper configuration also becomes important for an aircraft because the shape significantly affects its performance, such as aerodynamic drag, lift, pitching moment, and stability margin [10][11][12][13].…”