Aerodynamic Characteristics of the Wings and Body of a Dragonfly

Okamoto, Masato; Yasuda, Kunio; Azuma, Akira

doi:10.1242/jeb.199.2.281

Cited by 229 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…the dragonfly wings. The previous research may fall into three main categories -the morphological properties including geometric descriptions and patterns [5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12]; mechanical and aerodynamic performance including the assessment of various behavior of the wing under different loading conditions [13,14,15,16,17,18,19,2,20]; and, the biological and material properties of the wing [1,21,22,23]. This work builds upon previous research on the morphological aspects of the wing, particularly the works by Hoffmann et al [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Dragonfly-Inspired Wing Design Enabled by Machine Learning and Graphic Statics

Akbarzadeh

Zheng

Mofatteh

et al. 2022

Preprint

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This research relates the morphology of the structural network of a dragonfly wing to the static equilibrium of forces using a geometry-based equilibrium method known as graphic statics. It then develops machine learning algorithms to generate similar structural networks for designing airplane wings using the in-plane equilibrium information of the dragonfly wing. This approach can generate a structural network in equilibrium with no prior information related to the topology or geometry of the network just by receiving the boundary geometry of the wing. This research shows that the internal network of the dragonfly wing can be assumed to be compression or tension-only system on a 2D plane. Consequently, another diagram is constructed to represent the geometric equilibrium of the forces in the initial network. This diagram is called the force diagram in the context of graphic statics. A new wing geometry is reconstructed from the force diagram, with its members sized according to the force magnitude. Both form of the network and its force diagram are used to train machine learning models for the generation of the structural network of the wing. The developed methodology is also capitalized to generate microstructural patterns inspired by other species with networks of convex polygons. We numerically and experimentally examine one application of this method in designing the cellular core, 3D printed by fused deposition modeling, of the airfoil wing, which suggests up to 25% improvement in the out-of-plane stiffness. Our findings suggest this ML-assisted approach enables leveraging million years of evolution in nature to develop the next generation of high-performance, lightweight structures.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Dragonfly-Inspired Wing Design Enabled by Machine Learning and Graphic Statics

Akbarzadeh

Zheng

Mofatteh

et al. 2022

Preprint

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show abstract

“…Assuming that the chord of each blade is a constant c along the span and that the section drag coefficient C d is also constant at each cross-section, the following equation can be derived for a rotor with two blades in hover from the momentum theory and the blade element theory [30], [31]:…”

Section: Relationship Between Equation Of Rotational Motion and Anti-...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Lift Generation by a Miniature Piezoelectric Ultrasonic Motor-Driven Rotary-Wing for Pico Air Vehicles

2022

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Actuators are key components for further miniaturization of insect-scale microrobots. It is challenging to create a new miniature actuator suited for rotary-wing pico aerial vehicles (PAVs), which have a wing span of a few centimeters and a mass of a few grams. In this paper, we propose a miniature piezoelectric ultrasonic motor that permits high-speed rotation at a sufficient torque to achieve the flight of the simplest device comprising the proposed motor and rotor blades. The prototype motor, which employs a bending vibration mode as a principle, measures 1.6 mm × 1.6 mm × 2 mm and weighs 25 mg. The experimental results show that the miniature motor rotates rotor blades having a length of 20 mm with an angular velocity of over 1800 rad/s. The thrust force generated from this system exceeds its total mass of 110 mg and successfully lifts the system. Although the flight is tethered, the set of the proposed motor and rotor blades demonstrates a takeoff that represents the possibility of rotary-wing PAVs.INDEX TERMS Micro air vehicles, propellers, micromotors, microactuators, microfabrications.

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“…e microbat, a representative bat-like micro flying robot developed by Caltech, is battery-powered and has a titanium alloy skeleton with a polymer film covering the wings [6][7][8]. e rotation of the micromotor is transformed into an up-anddown flapping motion of both wings through a transmission mechanism, which generates sufficient lift and thrust.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanism Design and Motion Analysis of a Flapping-Wing Air Vehicle

Shi

Guo

et al. 2022

Mathematical Problems in Engineering

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Micro flapping-wing air vehicles (FWAV) are highly appreciated by scientists and scholars around the world due to their small size, high flexibility, and better manoeuvrability. There are huge potential applications of flapping-wing robots in rescue, survey, and search, as they can enter more dangerous and narrow spaces to accomplish tasks that were previously impossible for people. In this paper, we first analyze the flapping motion of birds by reviewing a large amount of information and literature and identifying the sources of lift and thrust during flight. Then, the double crank and double rocker mechanisms are optimized as the flapping mechanism. Proper flapping-wing size is further determined by analyzing the relative position between the driving mechanism and the flapping mechanism. Moreover, a pitch mechanism consisting of ball hinges is designed to realize the wing’s pitching motion for additional thrust. The fuselage and landing gear of the flapping-wing robot are designed for low air resistance and lightweight, and the tail mechanism are designed to have both roll and pitch freedoms, offering excellent manoeuvrability during flight. Simulation results show positive lift force is generated based on the novel pitching design for the small wing. The research in this paper is an important resource for novice researchers to design and study the advanced and complex problems of flapping-wing air vehicles.

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Aerodynamic Characteristics of the Wings and Body of a Dragonfly

Cited by 229 publications

References 8 publications

Dragonfly-Inspired Wing Design Enabled by Machine Learning and Graphic Statics

Dragonfly-Inspired Wing Design Enabled by Machine Learning and Graphic Statics

Lift Generation by a Miniature Piezoelectric Ultrasonic Motor-Driven Rotary-Wing for Pico Air Vehicles

Mechanism Design and Motion Analysis of a Flapping-Wing Air Vehicle

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