Aerodynamic Diameters and Respiratory Deposition Estimates of Viable Fungal Particles in Mold Problem Dwellings

Reponen, Tiina

doi:10.1080/02786829408959724

Cited by 62 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…Meklin et al (2002) reported smaller dg ave fungi for moisture damaged schools in comparison to those without moisture damage. Conversely, Reponen et al (1994), Reponen (1995) and Zuraimi et al (2009) showed larger fugal dg ave in moisture damaged buildings. Differences in use and management of residential space, mould infestation and dampness are the most likely explanations for the observed discrepancies.…”

Section: Size Distribution Of Culturable Bacteria and Fungimentioning

confidence: 99%

Winter Time Concentrations and Size Distribution of Bioaerosols in Different Residential Settings in the UK

Nasir

Colbeck

2012

Water Air Soil Pollut

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The total concentration and size distribution of bioaerosols in three different types of housing (single room in shared accommodation (type I), single bedroom flat in three storey building (type II) and two or three bedroom detached houses (type III)) was assessed during the winter. This research was an extension of a previous study carried out in the summer. The measurement campaign was undertaken in winter 2008 and thirty houses were sampled. Samples were taken from kitchens, living rooms, corridors (only in housing type I) and outdoors with an Anderson 6 stage viable impactor. In housing type I the total geometric mean concentration was highest in the corridor for both bacteria and fungi (3171 CFU/m 3 , 1281 CFU/m 3 ). In type II residences both culturable bacteria and fungi were greatest in the living rooms (3487 CFU/m 3 , 833 CFU/m 3 ). The living rooms in type III residences had largest number of culturable bacteria (1361 CFU/m 3 ) while fungi were highest in kitchens (280 CFU/m 3 ). The concentrations of culturable bacteria and fungi were greater in mouldy houses than non-mouldy houses. A considerable variation was seen in the size distribution of culturable bacteria in type I residences compared to types II and III. For all housing types more than half of culturable bacterial and fungal aerosol were respirable (<4.7μm) and so have the potential to penetrate into lower respiratory system. Considerable variation in concentration and size distribution within different housing types in the same geographical region highlights the impact of differences in design, construction, use and management of residential built environment on bioaerosols levels and consequent varied risk of population exposure to airborne biological agents.

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Section: Size Distribution Of Culturable Bacteria and Fungimentioning

confidence: 99%

Winter Time Concentrations and Size Distribution of Bioaerosols in Different Residential Settings in the UK

Nasir

Colbeck

2012

Water Air Soil Pollut

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“…Fungal conidia can form long chains, and while Reponen (1995) found that these behaved aerodynamically similar to, or as if they were slightly larger than, single particles, the physical diameter of these chains would be very different. Aspergillus and gravimetric PM 5 measurements were based on the aerodynamic diameter of particles, but the light scattering diameter measurements for the OPC were based on the physical diameter.…”

Section: Aspergillus Compared With Pmmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Reponen and co-workers (Reponen 1995;Reponen et al 1996) reported aerodynamic diameters (d a ) of 2.0-3.5 µm for A. versicolor and A. fumigatus conidia, and 3.5-5.0 µm for A. niger. Meklin et al (2002) found an average d a in the field of 2.33-3.25 µm for Aspergillus particles.…”

Section: Collection Of Filtered Air Samplesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Contributions of Foot Traffic and Outdoor Concentrations to Indoor AirborneAspergillus

Goebes¹,

Boehm²,

Hildemann³

2011

Aerosol Science and Technology

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Aspergillus is a mold genus that can cause allergies, asthma, and pulmonary infections in sensitive people; its particles are common in indoor air. Two potential contributors to indoor Aspergillus particles were examined in this field study: human activity (walking over carpet), and outdoor Aspergillus concentrations. Filtered air samples were collected outdoors and inside two carpeted hallways in public buildings, while measuring indoor foot traffic. Aspergillus concentrations were analyzed using quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction (qPCR). A bivariate model was used to predict indoor Aspergillus concentrations based on foot traffic and outdoor Aspergillus concentrations. For 3 of 4 scenarios, most of the variation in indoor Aspergillus could be explained by the combined effect of outdoor Aspergillus concentrations and foot traffic, with particularly strong correlations during peak traffic times. In addition, indoor Aspergillus was significantly associated with outdoor Aspergillus in 2 of 4 scenarios, and with foot traffic in 2 of 4 scenarios. For 2 of 3 sampling campaigns, Aspergillus did not have a significant association either with gravimetric particulate matter ≤5 µm (PM 5 ), or with optically measured PM of 0.75-1 µm, 1-2 µm, 2-3.5 µm, or 3.5-5 µm. Controlled experiments, examining whether the foot traffic contribution was due to resuspension from carpeting or to shedding from clothing and/or human bodies, saw a significant increase in Aspergillus levels from resuspension. Although an increase was also seen for clothing over Tyvek suits, it was not statistically significant.

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“…In this work, we focus on the study of the Aspergillus/Penicillium spore type (conidia), which are the most frequent and abundant spores in both indoor and outdoor environments (Emberlin et al 1995;Awad and Farag 1999;Chakraborty et al 2000;Chandra and Chanda 2000;Portnoy et al 2001;Adhikari et al 2004), but especially indoors (Reponen 1995;Singh and Singh 1999). Aspergillus is one of the first settlers indoors, capable of growing even under conditions of nutrient deficiency (Korpi et al 1997) and, due to the small size of its spores, many of them can penetrate the alveoli (about 70% in the case of oral breathing) (Reponen 1995).…”

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confidence: 98%

High incidence of Aspergillus and Penicillium spores in the atmosphere of the cave of Nerja (Malaga, southern Spain)

et al. 2009

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The cave of Nerja, which is visited annually by more than half a million people, is a karstic cavity situated in the east part of the province of Malaga (southern Spain), with internal conditions of humidity and temperature that make it a space highly conducive to the development of fungus. Fungal spores are of great interest in aerobiology and allergy due to their high incidence in both outdoor and indoor environments and their widely recognized ability to cause respiratory diseases and other pathologies. In this work, we focus on the seasonal and intradiurnal study of the Aspergillus/Penicillium spore type (conidia), which is especially abundant in the atmosphere inside the cave of Nerja. This study was carried out over an uninterrupted period of 4 years (2002)(2003)(2004)(2005) with the aid of a Hirst-type volumetric pollen trap (Lanzoni VPPS 2000) situated in one of the halls of the cave. The results show that the spores of Aspergillus/Penicillium type represent 48.6% of the annual spore index, June, July and August being the months with the highest rates of these spores, with an average incidence for the 4 years of 11, 63 and 15% of the annual total, respectively. However, the most interesting observation was the sudden increase in the concentration of these spores that occurred during 1 day of the year, when levels might reach nearly 300,000 spores/m 3 of air as daily mean. Finally, it was concluded that these peaks were due to human activities carried out inside the cave, coinciding with celebration of the annual festival of dance and music. On the other hand, the intradiurnal study showed that the highest concentrations are reached between 1200 and 1400 hours. Although there are no standard indices related to the risk of exposure to spore concentrations, we think that the values obtained were high enough to be considered as a potential risk factor capable of producing harmful effects on human health. We therefore recommend taking the necessary measures to prevent such high increases in the spore levels inside the cave.

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Aerodynamic Diameters and Respiratory Deposition Estimates of Viable Fungal Particles in Mold Problem Dwellings

Cited by 62 publications

References 36 publications

Winter Time Concentrations and Size Distribution of Bioaerosols in Different Residential Settings in the UK

Winter Time Concentrations and Size Distribution of Bioaerosols in Different Residential Settings in the UK

Contributions of Foot Traffic and Outdoor Concentrations to Indoor AirborneAspergillus

High incidence of Aspergillus and Penicillium spores in the atmosphere of the cave of Nerja (Malaga, southern Spain)

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