Aerodynamic forces of interacting spheres representative of space debris re-entry: Experiments in a supersonic rarefied wind-tunnel

Cardona, Vincente; Lago, Viviana

doi:10.1016/j.actaastro.2021.10.036

Cited by 6 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Consequently, the real angle is given with estimated accuracy ±0.4 • , and the drag force of each position with accuracy ±0.18 mN. This method was validated by comparing the drag forces of a single sphere obtained by Cardona & Lago (2022) and literature results. In the present work, the swinging method is applied to an interactive sphere (S 2 ) to study the effects of interaction.…”

Section: Swinging Sphere Methodsmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…The determination of the force value of the suspended sphere is based on the measurement of the angle of its wires with respect to the vertical, as detailed in Cardona & Lago (2022). Assuming an equilibrium state of the sphere in each image (i.e.…”

Section: Swinging Sphere Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In a previous study, Cardona & Lago (2022) explored the swinging sphere method (described in § 3.2.1) applied to a sphere moving in the wake of another one. The force measurements obtained previously with this method were compared to those obtained with another device: the aerodynamic balance (described in § 3.2.2).…”

Section: Drag Force Analysis With the Swinging Sphere Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This method consists in suspending the second sphere by a wire system so that it can move freely according to the surrounding flow. The angle of deviation of the sphere will depend on the force acting on the sphere, the measurement of which allows the aerodynamic force to be deduced (Cardona & Lago 2022). As shown in figure 6, the swinging sphere method was employed in two different ways.…”

Section: Experimental Devices and Post-processingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The swinging method was first validated in Cardona & Lago (2022), with the measurement of a single sphere suspended in the free-stream flow described in table 1. Results were compared to the literature, and measured drag forces were in accordance with those of Aroesty (1962), Bailey (1966) and Wegener & Ashkenas (1961).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Investigation of shock/shock interferences on the aerodynamics of a fragment in the wake of debris in a rarefied regime/at high altitude

Cardona,

Lago

2023

J. Fluid Mech.

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This work presents an experimental investigation focused on the analysis of aerodynamic properties between two interacting spheres in a supersonic rarefied flow. Atmospheric re-entries of space debris, whether natural or man-made, begin at altitude 120 km, and observations of historical re-entries have shown that fragmentation occurs between 90 and 50 km. The resulting fragments interact with each other, altering their own trajectories while traversing the different flow regimes between the free molecular and continuum regimes. This study focuses on the intermediate slip regime, where viscous effects of varying magnitude can influence the nature of the interactions of the shocks and modify them from the already known behaviour in the continuum regime. Specifically, this study examines how two spheres interact with each other upon re-entry into the atmosphere, focusing particularly on the six types of shock/shock interactions identified by Edney. The experiments were performed in the MARHy wind tunnel, in a steady Mach 4 laminar flow with static pressure 2.67 Pa. To highlight the differences between the six types of interferences, a variety of set-ups and devices were used: flow-field visualization, aerodynamic forces (through two diagnoses, aerodynamic balance and the swinging sphere technique) and wall pressure measurements. Results demonstrate the identification of differences according to the type of interference observed, showing in particular the viscous effect of rarefied flows by making a comparison with the continuum regime.

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Section: Swinging Sphere Methodsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Swinging Sphere Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Drag Force Analysis With the Swinging Sphere Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Experimental Devices and Post-processingmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Investigation of shock/shock interferences on the aerodynamics of a fragment in the wake of debris in a rarefied regime/at high altitude

Cardona,

Lago

2023

J. Fluid Mech.

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Aerodynamic interactions of blunt bodies free-flying in hypersonic flow

Seltner,

Willems,

Gülhan

2024

Exp Fluids

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This paper takes a new look at how the aerodynamic interactions of multiple bodies in high-speed flow affect their motion behaviors. The influence of the body shape and orientation on aerodynamic and stability behavior in the case of shock–shock and wake–shock interactions is the focus of this publication. Experiments were performed in the hypersonic wind tunnel H2K at the German Aerospace Center (DLR) in Cologne. Free-flight tests with tandem arrangements of spheres and cubes were performed with a synchronized dropping of both objects at various initial conditions of relative streamwise and vertical distance as well as pitch angle. A high-speed stereo-tracking captured the model motions during free-flight, and high-speed schlieren videography provided documentation of the flow topology. Based on the measured 6-degrees-of-freedom (6DoF) motion data, aerodynamic coefficients were determined. As a result, the final lateral velocity of trailing cubes is found to be many times greater than that of spheres regarding shock-wave surfing. For rotating cubes, the results showed that stable shock-wave surfing can become possible over an increasingly wide range of initial positions. This study has identified that the trailing drag coefficient of two axially aligned objects varies strongly with their relative streamwise distance. Furthermore, it was shown that the wake is a region of stability for downstream objects. Graphical abstract

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Correlation between waverider shock waves and aerodynamic forces in supersonic rarefied flow, experimental investigation in the wind tunnel MARHy

Hugo

Lago

2022

Acta Astronautica

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Aerodynamic forces of interacting spheres representative of space debris re-entry: Experiments in a supersonic rarefied wind-tunnel

Cited by 6 publications

References 18 publications

Investigation of shock/shock interferences on the aerodynamics of a fragment in the wake of debris in a rarefied regime/at high altitude

Investigation of shock/shock interferences on the aerodynamics of a fragment in the wake of debris in a rarefied regime/at high altitude

Aerodynamic interactions of blunt bodies free-flying in hypersonic flow

Correlation between waverider shock waves and aerodynamic forces in supersonic rarefied flow, experimental investigation in the wind tunnel MARHy

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