Aerodynamic Shape Optimization of a Container-Truck's Wind Deflector Using Approximate Model

Gong, Xu; Gu, Zhengqi; Xiao, Song

doi:10.4271/2010-01-2035

Cited by 10 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…where η= (k/ε)(G/v t ) 0.5 , σ k = σ ε = 0.7149 is the turbulent Prandtl number in the k and the ε equation [33], C µ = 0.0845, C 1ε = 1.42, C 2ε = 1.68, η 0 = 4.38, β = 0.012. The solutions of the governing equations were carried out in STAR-CCM+.…”

Section: Governing Equationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Numerical Investigation on Handling Stability of a Heavy Tractor Semi-Trailer under Crosswind

Zhang

Zhou

et al. 2020

Applied Sciences

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Due to the large lateral area of the trailer and variable road conditions, the handling stability of a heavy tractor semi-trailer under crosswind is very important for road safety. In this present work, numerical simulation is performed to study the crosswind effects on handling stability of a tractor semi-trailer. The aerodynamic characteristics of the tractor semi-trailer under different crosswind were computed by computational fluid dynamics (CFD). Then, mathematical models to reveal the relationship between the aerodynamic forces and crosswind were constructed to serve as inputs of the multi-body dynamics to analyze the handling stability under crosswind. The performance of crosswind stability is evaluated by the response of lateral acceleration, yaw rate and the lateral displacement. The lateral acceleration and yaw rate were decreased by a maximum of 14.6% and 16.5% compared to the truck without the deflector, which showed that the crosswind aerodynamics and stability were obviously improved.

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Section: Governing Equationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Numerical Investigation on Handling Stability of a Heavy Tractor Semi-Trailer under Crosswind

Zhang

Zhou

et al. 2020

Applied Sciences

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“…This capability is being exploited in the rapidly-growing research field of Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) optimization which is being utilised across a range of areas including aerospace engineering [2,3], tribology [4], polymer moulding [5], ship design [6], vehicle aerodynamics [7][8][9][10], hospital ward ventilation [11] and jet pump design [12]. Although these examples demonstrate the versatility of CFD-based optimization, there is one aspect which can prove problematic: the presence of numerical noise in the CFD responses [10,[13][14][15][16][17][18][19].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dealing with numerical noise in CFD-based design optimization

Gilkeson¹,

Торопов²,

Thompson³

et al. 2014

Computers & Fluids

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SUMMARYNumerical noise is an inevitable by-product of Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations which can lead to challenges in finding optimum designs. This article draws attention to the issue, illustrating the difficulties it can cause for road vehicle aerodynamics simulations. Firstly a benchmark problem is used to assess a range of turbulence models and grid types. Large noise amplitudes up to 22% are evident for solutions computed on unstructured tetrahedral grids whereas computations on hexahedral and polyhedral grid structures exhibit substantially less noise. The Spalart Allmaras turbulence model is shown to be far less susceptible to noise levels than two other commonly-used models for this application.Secondly, multi-objective aerodynamic shape optimization is applied to a fairing for a practical road vehicle which is parameterised in terms of three design variables. Moving Least Squares (MLS) metamodels are constructed from 50 highfidelity CFD solutions for two objective functions. Subsequent optimization is successful for the first objective, however numerical noise levels in excess of 7% give rise to difficulties for the second one. A revision to the problem leads to success and the construction of a small Pareto Front. Further analysis underlines the inherent capability of MLS metamodels in dealing with noisy CFD responses.

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“…Altering either the sides of the trailer or the tailboard is not feasible as this would impair daily operation, which means that shape optimization of a bolt-on headboard fairing contributes a promising design objective. Similar devices have been shown to exhibit sizeable drag reduction figures in wind tunnel experiments (Garry 1981;Charwat 1983) and through the use of CFD simulations (Gilkeson et al 2008;Gong et al 2010). …”

Section: Problem Formulationmentioning

confidence: 89%

“…The ability of CFD methods, such as those based on popular Reynolds averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) turbulence models, to predict drag and surface pressure coefficients accurately for flow past complex vehicle geometries (Roy 2006;Roy and Ghuge 2009) has also led to increasing popularity of CFD-based optimization methods in vehicle design. Interesting recent examples include the design of high-speed trains (Krajnović 2009), and container truck wind deflectors (Gong et al 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multi-objective aerodynamic shape optimization of small livestock trailers

Gilkeson

Торопов

Thompson

et al. 2012

Engineering Optimization

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This article presents a formal optimization study of the design of small livestock trailers, within which the majority of animals are transported to market in the UK. The benefits of employing a headboard fairing to reduce aerodynamic drag without compromising the ventilation of the animals' microclimate are investigated using a multi-stage process involving computational fluid dynamics (CFD), optimal Latin hypercube (OLH) design of experiments (DoE) and moving least squares (MLS) metamodels. Fairings are parameterized in terms of three design variables and CFD solutions are obtained at 50 permutations of design variables. Both global and local search methods are employed to locate the global minimum from metamodels of the objective functions and a Pareto front is generated. The importance of carefully selecting an objective function is demonstrated and optimal fairing designs, offering drag reductions in excess of 5% without compromising animal ventilation, are presented.

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Aerodynamic Shape Optimization of a Container-Truck's Wind Deflector Using Approximate Model

Cited by 10 publications

References 8 publications

Numerical Investigation on Handling Stability of a Heavy Tractor Semi-Trailer under Crosswind

Numerical Investigation on Handling Stability of a Heavy Tractor Semi-Trailer under Crosswind

Dealing with numerical noise in CFD-based design optimization

Multi-objective aerodynamic shape optimization of small livestock trailers

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