Aerodynamic Simulation of A Containership to Evaluate Cargo Configuration Effect on Frontal Wind Loads

Numerical simulation of container ship in oblique winds to develop a wind resistance model based on statistical data

“…Numerical setup for airship simulation in a wind tunnel implies free flow condition along the whole wind tunnel; thus, completely the same condition could be considered for container ship simulation. Besides, the study by Majidian and Azarsina (Majidian and Azarsina 2018) represented good conformity with the experimental results for the same container ship with different stacking conditions in the sea-surface interface modeling at 0°AOA. No-slip wall condition has been imposed for sea surface with the velocity equal to the profile's velocity along the axis of the tunnel (see Figure 10(a)).…”

“…Regarding the present literature and reported technical data, two different methods can be employed for simulation of wind force on a ship and specifically a container ship to date. In the first method reported repeatedly in the previous literature by researchers such as Hassan, White, and Ciortan (2012), Wnek et al (2015), and Majidian and Azarsina (2018), simulations have been structured based on the presence of a ship in a real environmental condition such as considering the presence of sea surface and opening boundary condition in the top of domain. Meanwhile, in the second method, direct simulation of the wind tunnel is considered (Janssen, Blocken, and van Wijhe (2017) and Taherkhani (2015)).…”

“…A fully-loaded post-Panamax container ship with 9000 TEU, which is the same model that was employed in the experimental investigation by Andersen (2012aAndersen ( , 2012b and formerly simulated by Majidian and Azarsina (2018), is used in the present study. The principal dimensions of the container ship and the stacking configuration are presented in Tables 5 and 6.…”

“…Andersen's wind tunnel was numerically modeled by Fluent™, and the effect of blockage in the wind tunnel was investigated. Majidian and Azarsina (2018) also employed CFD for the verification of wind loads according to Andersen's test data. RANS solver ANSYS CFX™ was used, and appropriate conformity of the results was achieved in 10 different simulated loading configurations in head wind.…”

Design and Analysis of a Lightweight Composite Shipping Container Made of Carbon Fiber Laminates

“…Acanfora et al [15] estimated design loads on container stacks due to excessive acceleration under adverse weather conditions. Majidian and Azarsina [16] evaluated the cargo configuration effect on frontal wind loads by addressing the fuel consumed during ships' propulsion. They found that the optimal stacking of containers reduces wind drag by 25%, which has a positive impact on fuel consumption.…”