Aerodynamics of Wind Turbines

Manwell, James F.; McGowan, J.G.; Rogers, Anthony

doi:10.1002/9781119994367.ch3

Cited by 12 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…But it is tedious and error-prone, and the tip loss factor makes it fairly complicated. The complex step method (Martins et al, 2000) is therefore found to be an easier way to compute the gradients, without any loss of accuracy. It also has the benefit that little additional work needs to be done when Eq.…”

Section: Gradients With Complex Stepmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A method for preliminary rotor design – Part 1: Radially Independent Actuator Disc model

Loenbaek

Bak

Madsen³

et al. 2021

Wind Energ. Sci.

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Abstract. We present an analytical model for assessing the aerodynamic performance of a wind turbine rotor through a different parametrization of the classical blade element momentum (BEM) model. The model is named the Radially Independent Actuator Disc (RIAD) model, and it establishes an analytical relationship between the local thrust loading and the local power, known as the local-thrust coefficient and the local-power coefficient respectively. The model has a direct physical interpretation, showing the contribution for each of the three losses: wake rotation loss, tip loss and viscous loss. The gradient for RIAD is found through the use of the complex step method, and power optimization is used to show how easily the method can be used for rotor optimization. The main benefit of RIAD is the ease with which it can be applied for rotor optimization and especially load constraint power optimization as described in Loenbaek et al. (2021). The relationship between the RIAD input and the rotor chord and twist is established, and it is validated against a BEM solver.

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Section: Gradients With Complex Stepmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The conceptual idea behind the complex step method is fairly simple, and for the sake of making the reader familiar with it, it is summarized here. For a proper description, the reader is referred to Martins et al (2000).…”

Section: Gradients With Complex Stepmentioning

confidence: 99%

A method for preliminary rotor design – Part 1: Radially Independent Actuator Disc model

Loenbaek

Bak

Madsen³

et al. 2021

Wind Energ. Sci.

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“…In the model, this intersection was adjusted to apply the desired pressure drop value.The thrust and power coefficients were calculated by following Eq. 2 and Eq.3, Martin (2010).…”

Section: Validation Of Rotor Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

CFD based design of diffuser augmented wind turbines

Vehid

2019

Preprint

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Abstract. Diffuser Augmented Wind Turbines (DAWTs) are promising regarding energy costs by increasing the energy output without changing the rotor size. The project focuses on numeric investigations of the Generalized Actuator Disc (GAD)theory. This study aims to develop a new diffuser augmented wind turbine by following existing diffuser design concepts which are diffuser with single-element and diffuser with multi-elements. It consists of two main parts: the design of diffuser and the design of rotor. The numeric investigations for diffuser design were carried out on the Star-CCM+. Rotor geometries, which were designed with an edited version of Glauert Optimization Method, concluded the evaluation of the optimized diffuser designs by comparing the performance increase. A steady-BEM code, which was adopted to model diffuser augmented turbines, was used in the process. It is found that all the design options result in significant performance increases in comparison to the bare rotor. However, the single-element diffuser is the optimum design, among others, due to its high-performance increase with less design complexity.

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“…Wind turbine design optimization has been an integral part of wind turbine design since the start of the wind turbine industry. The target for such optimization has varied greatly from pure aerodynamic optimization with the target to maximize the power extraction (see Manwell et al, 2010, Sørensen, 2016and Jamieson, 2018 to a more holistic turbine design where the target is to minimize the cost of the turbine through modeling the physics of the turbine components as well as their associated cost; see, e.g., Fuglsang et al (2002), Hjort et al (2009), Bottasso et al (2012), Meadows (2012), andPerez-Moreno et al (2016). Common to these approaches the connection of a set of simulation tools (e.g., BEM solver, structural solver, controller) through a cost function, leading to a fairly complicated optimization problem with a lot of design variables.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A method for preliminary rotor design – Part 2: Wind turbine Optimization with Radial Independence

2021

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Abstract. A novel wind turbine rotor optimization methodology is presented. Using an assumption of radial independence it is possible to obtain an optimal relationship between the global power (CP) and load coefficient (CT, CFM) through the use of Karush–Kuhn–Tucker (KKT) multipliers, leaving an optimization problem that can be solved at each radial station independently. It allows solving load constraint power and annual energy production (AEP) optimization problems where the optimization variables are only the KKT multipliers (scalars), one for each of the constraints. For the paper, two constraints, namely the thrust and blade root flap moment, are used, leading to two optimization variables. Applying the optimization methodology to maximize power (P) or annual energy production (AEP) for a given thrust and blade root flap moment, but without a cost function, leads to the same overall result with the global optimum being unbounded in terms of rotor radius (R̃) with a global optimum being at R̃→∞. The increase in power and AEP is in this case ΔP=50 % and ΔAEP=70 %, with a baseline being the Betz optimum rotor. With a simple cost function and with the same setup of the problem, a power-per-cost (PpC) optimization resulted in a power-per-cost increase of ΔPpC=4.2 % with a radius increase of ΔR=7.9 % as well as a power increase of ΔP=9.1 %. This was obtained while keeping the same flap moment and reaching a lower thrust of ΔT=-3.8 %. The equivalent for AEP-per-cost (AEPpC) optimization leads to increased cost efficiency of ΔAEPpC=2.9 % with a radius increase of ΔR=17 % and an AEP increase of ΔAEP=13 %, again with the same, maximum flap moment, while the maximum thrust is −9.0 % lower than the baseline.

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Aerodynamics of Wind Turbines

Cited by 12 publications

References 16 publications

A method for preliminary rotor design – Part 1: Radially Independent Actuator Disc model

A method for preliminary rotor design – Part 1: Radially Independent Actuator Disc model

CFD based design of diffuser augmented wind turbines

A method for preliminary rotor design – Part 2: Wind turbine Optimization with Radial Independence

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