Aerodynamics On Flapping Rotary Wing In Low Reynolds Number

Wu, Jianghao; Wang, Dou; Zhang, Yanlai

doi:10.2514/6.2013-4382

Cited by 9 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…The average lift coefficients and rotational moment coefficients are = 0.92 and = 0.13 in Wang's results. Meanwhile, in this paper, the equals to 0.922 and equals to 0.123 which is quite similar to those given by Wang et al [23]. Overall, the comparisons above show that the CFD model, in this paper, is suitable for the aerodynamic study of the FWR.…”

Section: Cfd Model and Validationsupporting

confidence: 86%

“…The function of the flapping motion is determined by the geometric parameters of the flapping wing rotor mechanism, and could be deduced by using Equations (1) and (2), given the flapping frequency. The rotary motion can be assumed as a rotation with constant speed, as in previous studies [22,23], and the flexibility of the wings is not taken into consideration in the CFD model for numerical calculation. Above all, the kinematic parameters, required for the numerical Figure 2.…”

Section: Kinematics Of the Flapping Wing Rotormentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Since the Reynolds number of this single wing is 7000-23,000 when its flapping frequency ranges from 1 Hz to 3 Hz, the -shear stress transfer (SST) model is utilized in this paper as that used in [28]. In order to validate the CFD model built-up in this paper, a case comparison is made between the lift and moment results in our CFD simulation and the results obtained by Wang et al [23]. The variation function of flapping angle ( ), twisting angle ( ) and rotary angle ( ) as shown in Figure 8 are set the same as those in the literature.…”

Section: Cfd Model and Validationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…According to Wang, the shape of the wing is simplified as a flat plane with 3% relative thickness and the aspect ratio = 5. The reference length ( ) and reference velocity ( ) are defined as wing chord = and the average flapping velocity at the In order to validate the CFD model built-up in this paper, a case comparison is made between the lift and moment results in our CFD simulation and the results obtained by Wang et al [23]. The variation function of flapping angle (ϕ), twisting angle (θ) and rotary angle (ψ) as shown in Figure 8 are set the same as those in the literature.…”

Section: Cfd Model and Validationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The CFD model, which used Fluent software to calculate the lift curves of the FWR, was built and subsequently validated by comparing with previous research results by Wang et al. [23]. The study then focused on the effect of different flapping frequency of the FWR, in down-stroke and up-stroke on the lift, by experiment and CFD simulation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 4 more Smart Citations

A Bio-Inspired Flapping Wing Rotor of Variant Frequency Driven by Ultrasonic Motor

et al. 2020

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By combining the flapping and rotary motion, a bio-inspired flapping wing rotor (FWR) is a unique kinematics of motion. It can produce a significantly greater aerodynamic lift and efficiency than mimicking the insect wings in a vertical take-off and landing (VTOL). To produce the same lift, the FWR’s flapping frequency, twist angle, and self-propelling rotational speed is significantly smaller than the insect-like flapping wings and rotors. Like its opponents, however, the effect of variant flapping frequency (VFF) of a FWR, during a flapping cycle on its aerodynamic characteristics and efficiency, remains to be evaluated. A FWR model is built to carry out experimental work. To be able to vary the flapping frequency rapidly during a stroke, an ultrasonic motor (USM) is used to drive the FWR. Experiment and numerical simulation using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) are performed in a VFF range versus the usual constant flapping frequency (CFF) cases. The measured lifting forces agree very well with the CFD results. Flapping frequency in an up-stroke is smaller than a down-stroke, and the negative lift and inertia forces can be reduced significantly. The average lift of the FWR where the motion in VFF is greater than the CFF, in the same input motor power or equivalent flapping frequency. In other words, the required power for a VFF case to produce a specified lift is less than a CFF case. For this FWR model, the optimal installation angle of the wings for high lift and efficiency is found to be 30° and the Strouhal number of the VFF cases is between 0.3–0.36.

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Section: Cfd Model and Validationsupporting

confidence: 86%

Section: Kinematics Of the Flapping Wing Rotormentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Cfd Model and Validationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Cfd Model and Validationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Bio-Inspired Flapping Wing Rotor of Variant Frequency Driven by Ultrasonic Motor

et al. 2020

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Research Progress on Bio-inspired Flapping-Wing Rotor Micro Aerial Vehicle Development

Pan,

Guo,

Huang

2024

J Bionic Eng

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Flapping-wing rotor (FWR) is an innovative bio-inspired micro aerial vehicle capable of vertical take-off and landing. This unique design combines active flapping motion and passive wing rotation around a vertical central shaft to enhance aerodynamic performance. The research on FWR, though relatively new, has contributed to 6% of core journal publications in the micro aerial vehicle field over the past two decades. This paper presents the first comprehensive review of FWR, analysing the current state of the art, key advances, challenges, and future research directions. The review highlights FWR’s distinctive kinematics and aerodynamic superiority compared to traditional flapping wings, fixed wings, and rotary wings, discussing recent breakthroughs in efficient, passive wing pitching and asymmetric stroke amplitude for lift enhancement. Recent experiments and remote-controlled take-off and hovering tests of single and dual-motor FWR models have showcased their effectiveness. The review compares FWR flight performance with well-developed insect-like flapping-wing micro aerial vehicles as the technology readiness level progresses from laboratory to outdoor flight testing, advancing from the initial flight of a 2.6 g prototype to the current free flight of a 60-gram model. The review also presents ongoing research in bionic flexible wing structures, flight stability and control, and transitioning between hovering and cruise flight modes for an FWR, setting the stage for potential applications.

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Unsteady aerodynamic and optimal kinematic analysis of a micro flapping wing rotor

Guo

Zhang

et al. 2017

Aerospace Science and Technology

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Inspired by the high performance of rotary and insect flapping wings capable of vertical takeoff and landing and hovering (VTOLH), a novel flapping wing rotor (FWR) has been developed by combining the above two types of wing motions. The FWR offers an alternative configuration for micro air vehicles (MAV) of such high flight performance. Unlike the well-studied aerodynamics of rotary and insect-like flapping wing with prescribed wing motion, the aerodynamic lift and efficiency of the FWR associated with optimal kinematics of motion has not been studied in a systematic manner before. This investigation is therefore focused on the FWR optimal kinematic motion in terms of aerodynamic lift and efficiency. Aerodynamic analysis is conducted for a FWR model of aspect ratio 3.6 and wing span 200mm in a range of kinematic parameters. The analysis is based on a quasi-steady aerodynamic model with empirical coefficients and validated by CFD results at Re~3500. For comparison purpose, the analysis includes rotary and insect-like flapping wings in hovering status with the FWR at an equilibrium rotation speed when the thrust equals to drag. The results show that the rotary wing has the greatest power efficiency but the smallest lift coefficient. Whereas the FWR can produce the greatest aerodynamic lift with power efficiency between rotary and insect-like flapping wings. The results provide a quantified guidance for design option of the three types of high performance MAVs together with the optimal kinematics of motion according to flight performance requirement.

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Aerodynamics On Flapping Rotary Wing In Low Reynolds Number

Cited by 9 publications

References 21 publications

A Bio-Inspired Flapping Wing Rotor of Variant Frequency Driven by Ultrasonic Motor

A Bio-Inspired Flapping Wing Rotor of Variant Frequency Driven by Ultrasonic Motor

Research Progress on Bio-inspired Flapping-Wing Rotor Micro Aerial Vehicle Development

Unsteady aerodynamic and optimal kinematic analysis of a micro flapping wing rotor

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