Aerogel, xerogel, and cryogel: Synthesis, surface chemistry, and properties—Practical environmental applications and the future developments

Gi̇zli̇, Nilay; Çok, Selay Sert; Koç, Fatoş

doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-90485-8.00021-7

Cited by 6 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 164 publications

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“…In order to remove pesticides from the aqueous environment, activated carbons or biobased materials represent important alternatives due to their properties (i.e., bioactivity, biodegradability, and biocompatibility). Sustainable solutions to remove pesticides from aqueous environment consist of using activated carbons or biobased materials due to their complementary functionalities such as bioactivity, biocompatibility, biodegradability, and unique chemistry [210,[227][228][229]. Aerogels, xerogels, and cryogels as mesoporous materials with low density, high porosity, and tunable surface chemistry can be useful for environmental remediation applications.…”

Section: Lignin-based Hydrogelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lignins as Promising Renewable Biopolymers and Bioactive Compounds for High-Performance Materials

Vasile

Baican

2023

Polymers

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The recycling of biomass into high-value-added materials requires important developments in research and technology to create a sustainable circular economy. Lignin, as a component of biomass, is a multipurpose aromatic polymer with a significant potential to be used as a renewable bioresource in many fields in which it acts both as promising biopolymer and bioactive compound. This comprehensive review gives brief insights into the recent research and technological trends on the potential of lignin development and utilization. It is divided into ten main sections, starting with an outlook on its diversity; main properties and possibilities to be used as a raw material for fuels, aromatic chemicals, plastics, or thermoset substitutes; and new developments in the use of lignin as a bioactive compound and in nanoparticles, hydrogels, 3D-printing-based lignin biomaterials, new sustainable biomaterials, and energy production and storage. In each section are presented recent developments in the preparation of lignin-based biomaterials, especially the green approaches to obtaining nanoparticles, hydrogels, and multifunctional materials as blends and bio(nano)composites; most suitable lignin type for each category of the envisaged products; main properties of the obtained lignin-based materials, etc. Different application categories of lignin within various sectors, which could provide completely sustainable energy conversion, such as in agriculture and environment protection, food packaging, biomedicine, and cosmetics, are also described. The medical and therapeutic potential of lignin-derived materials is evidenced in applications such as antimicrobial, antiviral, and antitumor agents; carriers for drug delivery systems with controlled/targeting drug release; tissue engineering and wound healing; and coatings, natural sunscreen, and surfactants. Lignin is mainly used for fuel, and, recently, studies highlighted more sustainable bioenergy production technologies, such as the supercapacitor electrode, photocatalysts, and photovoltaics.

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Section: Lignin-based Hydrogelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lignins as Promising Renewable Biopolymers and Bioactive Compounds for High-Performance Materials

Vasile

Baican

2023

Polymers

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“…Both these materials possess excellent properties such as thermal insulation, catalytic activity, and energy storage. 90,91 Although aerogels and xerogels are similar in some ways, they have some key differences. Aerogels are relatively lighter (density around 0.03 g cm À3 ) than xerogels (density around 0.1-0.6 g cm À3 ).…”

Section: Stimuli-sensitive Properties Of Hydrogelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrogel-integrated optical fiber sensors and their applications: a comprehensive review

et al. 2023

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“…Biopolymers are excellent raw material candidates for aerogel processing regarding circular economy principles, relying on renewable raw materials or energy sources [5,11,12]. Aerogels and cryogels are solid, lightweight, and highly specific surface area materials with interconnected networks of particles obtained from a wet gel during a process where their liquid phase is removed and replaced with gas without collapsing the solid structure [13,14]. Specifically, cryogels are obtained by freeze-drying hydrogels at sub-zero temperatures, and the solvent (i.e., water) is thereafter sublimated from the solid state directly into the vapor state [15,16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluating the Effect of Iron(III) in the Preparation of a Conductive Porous Composite Using a Biomass Waste-Based Starch Template

Rodríguez-Quesada,

Ramírez-Sánchez,

León-Carvajal

et al. 2023

Polymers

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In this work, the effect of iron(III) in the preparation of a conductive porous composite using a biomass waste-based starch template was evaluated. Biopolymers are obtained from natural sources, for instance, starch from potato waste, and its conversion into value-added products is highly significant in a circular economy. The biomass starch-based conductive cryogel was polymerized via chemical oxidation of 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene (EDOT) using iron(III) p-toluenesulfonate as a strategy to functionalize porous biopolymers. Thermal, spectrophotometric, physical, and chemical properties of the starch template, starch/iron(III), and the conductive polymer composites were evaluated. The impedance data of the conductive polymer deposited onto the starch template confirmed that at a longer soaking time, the electrical performance of the composite was improved, slightly modifying its microstructure. The functionalization of porous cryogels and aerogels using polysaccharides as raw materials is of great interest for applications in electronic, environmental, and biological fields.

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Aerogel, xerogel, and cryogel: Synthesis, surface chemistry, and properties—Practical environmental applications and the future developments

Cited by 6 publications

References 164 publications

Lignins as Promising Renewable Biopolymers and Bioactive Compounds for High-Performance Materials

Lignins as Promising Renewable Biopolymers and Bioactive Compounds for High-Performance Materials

Hydrogel-integrated optical fiber sensors and their applications: a comprehensive review

Evaluating the Effect of Iron(III) in the Preparation of a Conductive Porous Composite Using a Biomass Waste-Based Starch Template

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