Aerogels of Polypyrrole/Tannic Acid with Nanofibrillated Cellulose for the Removal of Hexavalent Chromium Ions

Abstract

The preparation of conducting polymer aerogels is an effective strategy to produce innovative materials with enhanced physicochemical properties. Herein, polypyrrole (PPy) aerogels were oxidatively prepared in the presence of tannic acid (TA) with different concentrations (2.5, 5, and 10% mole ratio to pyrrole monomer) under freezing conditions. Nanofibrillated cellulose (NFC) was added during the PPy/TA synthesis to enhance mechanical stability. The effect of TA concentration on the aerogels’ morphology, conductivity, thermal stability, and adsorption capacity was investigated. The conductivity of 9.6 ± 1.7 S cm−1 was achieved for PPy/TA prepared with 2.5% TA, which decreased to 0.07 ± 0.01 S cm−1 when 10% TA was used. PPy/TA aerogels have shown high efficacy in removing Cr(VI) ions from aqueous solutions. Adsorption experiments revealed that all the aerogels follow pseudo-second-order kinetics. PPy/TA prepared with NFC has a maximum adsorption capacity of 549.5 mg g−1.