Aerosol Administration of the Sa‐2 Vaccine Strain of Infectious Leryngotracheitis Virus

Purcell, D.A.; Surman, P.G.

doi:10.1111/j.1751-0813.1974.tb05357.x

Cited by 23 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…The higher level of disease severity induced by SA2 may reflect the higher dose of virus used, the lower level of attenuation or both. While the results of infection with these strains of ILTV are broadly consistent with earlier reports of viral detection and localization following challenge with them (Clarke et al, 1980;Coppo et al, 2012b;Purcell & Surman, 1974), detection of viral genomes in a wider range of tissues and other materials was observed generally over a longer time period post-infection. An exception to the latter is the detection of the SA2 vaccine viral genome in trachea for up to 60 days post-vaccination, reported by Coppo et al (2012b).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

“…Two different live vaccines are commonly being used in Australia, the SA2 ILT and A20 ILT (Fort Dodge Australia Pty Ltd, Baulkham Hills, NSW, Australia). The SA2 ILT vaccine strain originated from an Australian field isolate and was attenuated through sequential passages in chicken embryos (Purcell & Surman, 1974). The A20 vaccine strain was developed by further passages of the SA2 strain in chicken embryonic cell culture (Blacker et al, 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Real-time PCR quantification of infectious laryngotracheitis virus in chicken tissues, faeces, isolator-dust and bedding material over 28 days following infection reveals high levels in faeces and dust

Roy

Islam

Burgess

et al. 2015

Journal of General Virology

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Real-time PCR quantification of infectious laryngotracheitis virus in chicken tissues, faeces, isolator-dust and bedding material over 28 days following infection reveals high levels in faeces and dust

Roy

Islam

Burgess

et al. 2015

Journal of General Virology

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“…In previous studies, SA-2 ILTV delivered via atomizer has been associated with severe respiratory disease, decreased feed and water consumption, and lesions in the lungs and air sacs (Purcell & Surman, 1974). Inoculation of SA-2 ILTV via fine or coarse spray has been associated with some signs of respiratory disease, low levels of mortality and marked ocular pathology (Clarke et al, 1980).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Comparison of the safety and protective efficacy of vaccination with glycoprotein-G-deficient infectious laryngotracheitis virus delivered via eye-drop, drinking water or aerosol

et al. 2008

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Infectious laryngotracheitis virus (ILTV), an alphaherpesvirus, causes respiratory disease in chickens and is commonly controlled by vaccination with conventionally attenuated virus strains. These vaccines have limitations due to residual pathogenicity and reversion to virulence. To avoid these problems and to better control disease, attention has recently turned towards developing a novel vaccine strain that lacks virulence gene(s). Glycoprotein G (gG) is a virulence factor in ILTV. A gG-deficient strain of ILTV has been shown to be less pathogenic than currently available vaccine strains following intratracheal inoculation of specific pathogen free chickens. Intratracheal inoculation of gG-deficient ILTV has also been shown to induce protection against disease following challenge with virulent virus. Intratracheal inoculation, however, is not suitable for large-scale vaccination of commercial poultry flocks. In this study, inoculation of gG-deficient ILTV via eye-drop, drinking water and aerosol were investigated. Aerosol inoculation resulted in undesirably low levels of safety and protective efficacy. Inoculation via eye-drop and drinking water was safe, and the levels of protective efficacy were comparable with intratracheal inoculation. Thus, gG-deficient ILTV appears to have potential for use in large-scale poultry vaccination programmes when administered via eye-drop or in drinking water.

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“…The route of vaccine administration has been examined for safety and efficacy against challenge (Purcel & Surman, 1974;Robertson & Egerton, 1981;Fulton et al, 2000;Devlin et al, 2008). Drinking-water (DW) and coarse-spray vaccinations have been routinely used in the broiler poultry industry (Robertson & Egerton, 1981;Guy & García, 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of the replication and transmissibility of an infectious laryngotracheitis virus vaccine delivered via eye-drop or drinking-water

2012

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Live attenuated vaccines have been extensively used to control infectious laryngotracheitis (ILT). Most vaccines are registered/recommended for use via eye-drop although vaccination via drinking-water is commonly used in the field. Drinking-water vaccination has been associated with non-uniform protection. Bird-to-bird passage of chick-embryo-origin (CEO) ILT vaccines has been shown to result in reversion to virulence. The purpose of the present study was to examine the replication and transmission of a commercial CEO infectious laryngotracheitis virus (ILTV) vaccine strain following drinking-water or eye-drop inoculation. Two groups of 10 specific-pathogen-free chickens were each vaccinated with Serva ILTV vaccine strain either via eye-drop or drinking-water. Groups of four or five unvaccinated birds were placed in contact with vaccinated birds at regular intervals. Tracheal swabs were collected every 4 days from vaccinated and in-contact birds to assess viral replication and transmission using quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Compared with eye-drop-vaccinated birds, drinking-water-vaccinated birds showed delayed viral replication but had detectable viral DNA for a longer period of time. Transmission to chickens exposed by contact on day 0 of the experiments was similar in both groups. Birds exposed to ILTV by contact with eye-drop vaccinated birds on days 4, 8, 12 and 16 of the experiment had detectable ILTV for up to 8 days post exposure. ILTV was not detected in chickens that were exposed by contact with drinking-water vaccinated birds on day 12 of the experiment or later. Results from this study provide valuable practical information for the use of ILT vaccine.

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Aerosol Administration of the Sa‐2 Vaccine Strain of Infectious Leryngotracheitis Virus

Cited by 23 publications

References 4 publications

Real-time PCR quantification of infectious laryngotracheitis virus in chicken tissues, faeces, isolator-dust and bedding material over 28 days following infection reveals high levels in faeces and dust

Real-time PCR quantification of infectious laryngotracheitis virus in chicken tissues, faeces, isolator-dust and bedding material over 28 days following infection reveals high levels in faeces and dust

Comparison of the safety and protective efficacy of vaccination with glycoprotein-G-deficient infectious laryngotracheitis virus delivered via eye-drop, drinking water or aerosol

Comparison of the replication and transmissibility of an infectious laryngotracheitis virus vaccine delivered via eye-drop or drinking-water

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