Aerosol and Urban Land Use Effect on Rainfall Around Cities in Indo‐Gangetic Basin From Observations and Cloud Resolving Model Simulations

Sarangi, Chandan; Tripathi, Sachchida Nand; Qian, Yun; Kumar, Shailendra; Leung, L. Ruby

doi:10.1002/2017jd028004

Cited by 38 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 119 publications

(175 reference statements)

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“…Sarangi et al (2018) also showed the enhanced precipitation over the urban core by the urban land effect and at the downwind region by the aerosol effect, consistent with Zhong et al (2015). Schmid and Niyogi (2017) showed that urban precipitation rate enhancement is due to a combination of land-heterogeneity-induced dynamical lifting effects and aerosol indirect effects. For coastal cities, studies indicated that anthropogenic aerosol effects on precipitation may be more important than the urban land effect (Liu and Niyogi, 2019;Ganeshan et al, 2013;Ochoa et al, 2015).…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 67%

Urbanization-induced land and aerosol impacts on sea-breeze circulation and convective precipitation

Fan

Zhang

et al. 2020

Atmos. Chem. Phys.

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Abstract. Changes in land cover and aerosols resulting from urbanization may impact convective clouds and precipitation. Here we investigate how Houston urbanization can modify sea-breeze-induced convective cloud and precipitation through the urban land effect and anthropogenic aerosol effect. The simulations are carried out with the Chemistry version of the Weather Research and Forecasting model (WRF-Chem), which is coupled with spectral-bin microphysics (SBM) and the multilayer urban model with a building energy model (BEM-BEP). We find that Houston urbanization (the joint effect of both urban land and anthropogenic aerosols) notably enhances storm intensity (by ∼ 75 % in maximum vertical velocity) and precipitation intensity (up to 45 %), with the anthropogenic aerosol effect more significant than the urban land effect. Urban land effect modifies convective evolution: speed up the transition from the warm cloud to mixed-phase cloud, thus initiating surface rain earlier but slowing down the convective cell dissipation, all of which result from urban heating-induced stronger sea-breeze circulation. The anthropogenic aerosol effect becomes evident after the cloud evolves into the mixed-phase cloud, accelerating the development of storm from the mixed-phase cloud to deep cloud by ∼ 40 min. Through aerosol–cloud interaction (ACI), aerosols boost convective intensity and precipitation mainly by activating numerous ultrafine particles at the mixed-phase and deep cloud stages. This work shows the importance of considering both the urban land and anthropogenic aerosol effects for understanding urbanization effects on convective clouds and precipitation.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 67%

Urbanization-induced land and aerosol impacts on sea-breeze circulation and convective precipitation

Fan

Zhang

et al. 2020

Atmos. Chem. Phys.

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“…A long-period (5 years) modeling study in the Yangtze River Delta (YRD) region confirmed the opposite effects on precipitation but aerosol radiative effect was the dominant reason for the reduced convective intensity and precipitation (Zhong et al 2017). Sarangi et al (2018) also showed the enhanced precipitation over the urban core by the urban land effect and at the downwind region by the aerosol effect, consistent with Zhong et al (2015). Schmid and Niyogi (2017) showed that urban precipitation rate enhancement is due to a combination of land heterogeneity induced dynamical lifting effect and aerosol indirect effects.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Urbanization-induced land and aerosol impacts on sea breeze circulation and convective precipitation

Fan¹,

Zhang²,

Li³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Abstract. Changes in land cover and aerosols resulting from urbanization may impact convective clouds and precipitation. Here we investigate how Houston urbanization can modify sea-breeze induced convective cloud and precipitation through urban land effect and anthropogenic aerosol effect. The simulations are carried out with the Chemistry version of the Weather Research and Forecasting model (WRF-Chem), which is coupled with the spectral-bin microphysics (SBM) and the multilayer urban model with a building energy model (BEM-BEP). We find that Houston urbanization (the joint effect of both urban land and anthropogenic aerosols) notably enhances storm intensity (by ~ 15 m s−1 in maximum vertical velocity) and precipitation intensity (up to 45 %), with the anthropogenic aerosol effect more significant than the urban land effect. Urban land effect modifies convective evolution: speed up the transition from the warm cloud to mixed-phase cloud thus initiating surface rain earlier but slowing down the convective cell dissipation, all of which result from urban heating induced stronger sea breeze circulation. The anthropogenic aerosol effect becomes evident after the cloud evolves into the mixed-phase cloud, accelerating the development of storm from the mixed-phase cloud to deep cloud by ~ 40 min. Through aerosol-cloud interaction (ACI), aerosols boost convective intensity and precipitation mainly by activating numerous ultrafine particles at the mixed-phase and deep cloud stages. This work shows the importance of considering both urban land and anthropogenic aerosol effects for understanding urbanization effects on convective clouds and precipitation.

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“…Smallscale deforestation can actually increase precipitation locally 296 and alter storm locations. Altered thermodynamic and aerodynamic properties of the land surface from urbanization can affect precipitation through altered stability and turbulence [297][298][299] and are further perturbed through the effect of aerosol pollution on cloud microphysics. 300 Urbanization also tends to decrease permeability of the surface, leading to increased surface runoff, 301 and enhanced urban heat island effects are also known to invigorate convection.…”

Section: Changes In Characteristics Of Precipitation and Hydrologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Advances in understanding large‐scale responses of the water cycle to climate change

Allan

Barlow

Byrne

et al. 2020

Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences

361

153

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Globally, thermodynamics explains an increase in atmospheric water vapor with warming of around 7%/°C near to the surface. In contrast, global precipitation and evaporation are constrained by the Earth's energy balance to increase at ∼2-3%/°C. However, this rate of increase is suppressed by rapid atmospheric adjustments in response to greenhouse gases and absorbing aerosols that directly alter the atmospheric energy budget. Rapid adjustments to forcings, cooling effects from scattering aerosol, and observational uncertainty can explain why observed global precipitation responses are currently difficult to detect but are expected to emerge and accelerate as warming increases and aerosol forcing diminishes. Precipitation increases with warming are expected to be smaller over land than ocean due to limitations on moisture convergence, exacerbated by feedbacks and affected by rapid adjustments. Thermodynamic increases in atmospheric moisture fluxes amplify wet and dry events, driving an intensification of precipitation extremes. The rate of intensification can deviate from a simple thermodynamic response due to in-storm and larger-scale feedback processes, while changes in large-scale dynamics and catchment characteristics further modulate the frequency of flooding in response to precipitation increases. Changes in atmospheric circulation in response to radiative forcing and evolving surface temperature patterns are capable of dominating water cycle changes in some regions. Moreover, the direct impact of human activities on the water cycle through water abstraction, irrigation, and land use change is already a significant component of regional water cycle change and is expected to further increase in importance as water demand grows with global population.

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Aerosol and Urban Land Use Effect on Rainfall Around Cities in Indo‐Gangetic Basin From Observations and Cloud Resolving Model Simulations

Cited by 38 publications

References 119 publications

Urbanization-induced land and aerosol impacts on sea-breeze circulation and convective precipitation

Urbanization-induced land and aerosol impacts on sea-breeze circulation and convective precipitation

Urbanization-induced land and aerosol impacts on sea breeze circulation and convective precipitation

Advances in understanding large‐scale responses of the water cycle to climate change

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