Aerosol-Borne Quinones and Reactive Oxygen Species Generation by Particulate Matter Extracts

Chung, Myeong Y.; Lazaro, Rick A.; Lim, Dianne; Jackson, Joscelyne; Lyon, Julie Christina; Rendulic, Dora; Hasson, Alam S.

doi:10.1021/es0515957

Cited by 206 publications

(194 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…The atmospheric concentrations found for 9,10-AQ are in the same order of magnitude than those already reported in an earlier studies in Guadalajara [18], while 1,4-NQ concentrations are almost three times higher than those found in Mexico City [19]. Overall, the majority of quinones have the same order of magnitude as those in Fresno, CA, USA, except for 5,12-NQ [20]. They are also similar to those found in Birmingham, UK, except for 9,10-PQ and 1,4-NQ [21,22], but concentrations of quinones in this work were higher than those reported in Santiago and Temuco, Chile [23], and in an Eastern coastal site in the UK [17].…”

Section: Environmental Levelssupporting

confidence: 77%

Occurrence and Potential Sources of Quinones Associated with PM2.5 in Guadalajara, Mexico

et al. 2017

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This study aims to establish the influence of primary emission sources and atmospheric transformation process contributing to the concentrations of quinones associated to particulate matter of less than 2.5 µm (PM 2.5 ) in three sites within the Metropolitan Area of Guadalajara (MAG), namely Centro (CEN), Tlaquepaque (TLA) and Las Águilas (AGU). Environmental levels of quinones extracted from PM 2.5 filters were analyzed using Gas Chromatography coupled to Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). Overall, primary emissions in combination with photochemical and oxidation reactions contribute to the presence of quinones in the urban atmosphere of MAG. It was found that quinones in PM 2.5 result from the contributions from direct emission sources by incomplete combustion of fossil fuels such as diesel and gasoline that relate mainly to vehicular activity intensity in the three sampling sites selected. However, this also suggests that the occurrence of quinones in MAG can be related to photochemical transformation of the parent Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs), to chemical reactions with oxygenated species, or a combination of both routes. The higher concentration of 1,4-Chrysenequinone during the rainy season compared to the warm-dry season indicates chemical oxidation of chrysene, since the humidity could favor singlet oxygen collision with parent PAH present in the particle phase. On the contrary, 9,10-Anthraquinone/Anthracene and 1,4-Naftoquinone/Naphthalene ratios were higher during the warm-dry season compared to the rainy season, which might indicate a prevalence of the photochemical formation during the warm-dry season favored by the large solar radiation typical of the season. In addition, the estimated percentage of photochemical formation of 9,10-Phenanthrenequinone showed that the occurrence of this compound in Tlaquepaque (TLA) and Las Águilas (AGU) sites is mainly propagated by conditions of high solar radiation such as in the warm-dry season and during long periods of advection of air masses from emission to the reception areas. This was shown by the direct association between the number hourly back trajectories arriving in the TLA and AGU from Centro and other areas in MAG and the highest photochemical formation percentage.

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Section: Environmental Levelssupporting

confidence: 77%

Occurrence and Potential Sources of Quinones Associated with PM2.5 in Guadalajara, Mexico

et al. 2017

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“…Gas-phase quinones may include the highly volatile and reactive 1,2-and 1,4-naphthoquinones (1,2-NQ and 1,4-NQ), while higher molecular weight quinones such as 9,10-phenenthraquinone (PQ) and 9,10-anthraquinone (AQ) are expected to be found mostly in the particle-phase. However previously reported measurements have referred only to quinones associated with PM (Albinet et al 2007;Allen et al 1997;Chung et al 2006;Sienra 2006), and to our knowledge no information regarding ambient gas-phase concentrations is available in the open literature.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Atmospheric Distribution of Gas- and Particle-Phase Quinones in Southern California

Eiguren-Fernandez

Miguel

Stefano

et al. 2008

Aerosol Science and Technology

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Quinones are reactive organic compounds known to initiate reactions associated with a host of toxicological events. Their presence in different atmospheres has been demonstrated although their sources remain uncertain. As a result of their reactivity and instability during chemical analysis, only a limited number of studies have reported on atmospheric concentrations of quinones in ambient air. Furthermore, besides the limited information on quinones associated with particulate matter, no previous studies have quantified vapor-phase quinones. We report vapor-and particle-phase concentrations of 1,2-and 1,4-naphthoquinones (1,2-NQ, 1,4-NQ), 9,10-phenanthraquinone (9,10-PQ), and 9,10-anthraquinone (9,10-AQ), measured over a 5-year period in Southern California. The results showed that vapor-phase concentrations of the target quinones were in general higher than those in the particle-phase. Vaporphase concentrations ranged from 80 pg/m 3 for the AQ to 1747 pg/m 3 for the 1,4-NQ, and the particle-phase concentrations between 13 pg/m 3 for the 1,2-NQ and 250 pg/m 3 for 9,10-AQ. The target quinones were found to be distributed between vapor-and particle-phase, with the exception of 9,10-PQ found only in the particle-phase. The differences observed in the concentrations among sites and seasons suggest different source contributions; source sites were dominated by primary sources, while downwind locations showed a high contribution from photochemical activity.

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“…Quinones have been shown to be present in ambient particles Chung et al, 2006;Valavanidis et al, 2006;Tsapakis and Stephanou, 2007;Eiguren-Fernandez et al, 2008a;Ahmed et al, 2009) and contribute to particle-bound stable radical species, as measured by electron paramagnetic resonance Pan et al, 2004;Valavanidis et al, 2006). The source of these species may be primary or secondary.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In one such study researchers found that hydrogen peroxide generation from the DTT assay performed on particles from Fresno, California, could be accounted for by measuring the aerosol mass loadings of 9,10-phenanthrenequinone, 1,2-naphthoquinone, and 1,4-naphthoquinone (Chung et al, 2006). In another study, by assigning the DTT loss rate to individual particulate species again from the Fresno area, Charrier and Anastasio were able to predict DTT decay as arising 80 % from transition metal species and 20 % from quinone species (Charrier and Anastasio, 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Naphthalene SOA: redox activity and naphthoquinone gas–particle partitioning

2013

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Abstract. Chamber secondary organic aerosol (SOA) from low-NO x photooxidation of naphthalene by hydroxyl radical was examined with respect to its redox cycling behaviour using the dithiothreitol (DTT) assay. Naphthalene SOA was highly redox-active, consuming DTT at an average rate of 118 ± 14 pmol per minute per µg of SOA material. Measured particle-phase masses of the major previously identified redox active products, 1,2-and 1,4-naphthoquinone, accounted for only 21 ± 3 % of the observed redox cycling activity. The redox-active 5-hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone was identified as a new minor product of naphthalene oxidation, and including this species in redox activity predictions increased the predicted DTT reactivity to 30 ± 5 % of observations. These results suggest that there are substantial unidentified redox-active SOA constituents beyond the small quinones that may be important toxic components of these particles. A gas-to-SOA particle partitioning coefficient was calculated to be (7.0 ± 2.5) × 10 −4 m 3 µg −1 for 1,4-naphthoquinone at 25 • C. This value suggests that under typical warm conditions, 1,4-naphthoquinone is unlikely to contribute strongly to redox behaviour of ambient particles, although further work is needed to determine the potential impact under conditions such as low temperatures where partitioning to the particle is more favourable. Also, higher order oxidation products that likely account for a substantial fraction of the redox cycling capability of the naphthalene SOA are likely to partition much more strongly to the particle phase.

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Aerosol-Borne Quinones and Reactive Oxygen Species Generation by Particulate Matter Extracts

Cited by 206 publications

References 36 publications

Occurrence and Potential Sources of Quinones Associated with PM2.5 in Guadalajara, Mexico

Occurrence and Potential Sources of Quinones Associated with PM2.5 in Guadalajara, Mexico

Atmospheric Distribution of Gas- and Particle-Phase Quinones in Southern California

Naphthalene SOA: redox activity and naphthoquinone gas–particle partitioning

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