Aerosol characteristics and particle production in the upper troposphere over the Amazon Basin

Andreae, Meinrat O.; Afchine, Armin; Albrecht, Rachel I.; Holanda, Bruna A.; Artaxo, Paulo; Barbosa, H. M.; Borrmann, Stephan; Cecchini, Micael Amore; Costa, Anja; Dollner, Maximilian; Fütterer, Daniel; Järvinen, Emma; Jurkat, Tina; Klimach, Thomas; Könemann, Tobias; Knote, Christoph; Krämer, M.; Krisna, Trismono Candra; Machado, Luiz A. T.; Mertes, Stephan; Minikin, Andreas; Pöhlker, Christopher; Pöhlker, Mira L.; Pöschl, Ulrich; Rosenfeld, Daniel; Sauer, Daniel; Schläger, Hans; Schnaiter, M.; Schneider, Johannes; Schulz, Christiane; Spanu, Antonio; Sperling, Vinicius B.; Voigt, Christiane; Walser, Adrian; Wang, Jian; Weinzierl, Bernadett; Wendisch, Manfred; Ziereis, H.

doi:10.5194/acp-18-921-2018

Cited by 139 publications

(255 citation statements)

References 189 publications

(265 reference statements)

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“…These climatological streamlines are derived from a reanalysis of the period from 1981 to 2010. As shown in Andreae et al (), similar wind patterns were found during the AC campaign in September 2014. LT winds over the Amazon Basin are strongly influenced by the Andes mountain range (Campetella & Vera, ).…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 83%

“…Pyroconvection therefore likely has a negligible direct effect on UT CO concentrations. In contrast, observations over Amazonia indicate a strong link between deep convection and UT CO (Andreae, et al, , ). For example, the influence of deep convection on UT CO over the southern Amazon Basin at the end of the dry season is illustrated by the nearly simultaneous sharp rise in CO and ice water content products derived from Microwave Limb Sounder satellite observations at 215 hPa (Livesey et al, ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 96%

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Satellite‐Based Analysis of CO Seasonal and Interannual Variability Over the Amazon Basin

2018

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The “Measurements of Pollution in the Troposphere” (MOPITT) satellite record is applied to study the geographical and temporal variability of carbon monoxide (CO) from biomass burning in the Amazon Basin. The presented analysis demonstrates the use of satellite observations for interpreting the effects of deforestation and climate on past and future emissions of CO. The study exploits the MOPITT “multispectral” retrieval product which effectively resolves tropospheric CO into two independently measured layers. New validation results based on in situ measurements during the ACRIDICON‐CHUVA aircraft campaign in 2014 are used for bias correction. Contrasting CO monthly climatologies are presented for the Amazon Basin for the lower and upper troposphere (“LT” and “UT”) with an emphasis on the Amazonian dry season. Climatologically, spatial patterns of UT CO over the Amazon Basin appear to be related to both deep convection and anticyclonic flow. Strongly enhanced LT basin‐mean CO concentrations are observed for the dry season months in 2005, 2007, 2010, and 2015, while the record also indicates a decreasing long‐term trend. These observations are consistent with the expected effects of falling deforestation rates since 2004, punctuated by CO spikes in drought years due to large‐scale wildfires.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 83%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 96%

Satellite‐Based Analysis of CO Seasonal and Interannual Variability Over the Amazon Basin

2018

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“…Weigelt et al (2009) measured upper-troposphere particle number size distributions over different regions around the world, and found a frequent presence of nucleation mode particles whenever the measured air masses had been in recent contact with deep convective cloud systems. Similar observations had already been reported over the Indian and Pacific Oceans (de Reus et al 2001, Clarke and Kapustin 2002), and over the Amazon Basin (Andreae et al 2018). Theoretical analysis and model simulations support the view that clouds associated with deep convection provide favorable conditions for NPF, however the precursors, nucleation mechanisms and exact location of NPF with respect to clouds remain to be quantified (Kulmala et al 2006b, Ekman et al 2008, Waddicor et al 2012.…”

Section: Cloud-induced Npfsupporting

confidence: 71%

“…Biomass burning is one of the largest sources of aerosol particles and many trace gases in the global atmosphere (Andreae andMerlet 2001, Van Marle et al 2017). Laboratory experiments conducted by Hennigan et al (2012) demonstrated that biomass burning plumes have a great potential for NPF and subsequent particle growth, yet there are very few field studies on this phenomenon.…”

Section: Ft and Mountain Sitesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Atmospheric new particle formation and growth: review of field observations

Kerminen

Chen

Vakkari

et al. 2018

Environ. Res. Lett.

441

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This review focuses on the observed characteristics of atmospheric new particle formation (NPF) in different environments of the global troposphere. After a short introduction, we will present a theoretical background that discusses the methods used to analyze measurement data on atmospheric NPF and the associated terminology. We will update on our current understanding of regional NPF, i.e. NPF taking simultaneously place over large spatial scales, and complement that with a full review on reported NPF and growth rates during regional NPF events. We will shortly review atmospheric NPF taking place at sub-regional scales. Since the growth of newly-formed particles into larger sizes is of great current interest, we will briefly discuss our observation-based understanding on which gaseous compounds contribute to the growth of newly-formed particles, and what implications this will have on atmospheric cloud condensation nuclei formation. We will finish the review with a summary of our main findings and future outlook that outlines the remaining research questions and needs for additional measurements.

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“…For example, English et al (2011) evaluated a range of nucleation mechanisms in the stratosphere against Stratospheric Aerosol and Gas Experiment II SAGE II data. Future modeling studies will need to include the contribution of organic compounds to NPF in the free troposphere, following observations over the Amazon (Andreae et al, 2018) and cloud-resolving model simulations (Ekman et al, 2008;Murphy et al, 2015).…”

Section: Modeling Npf In the Boundary Layer And Free Tropospherementioning

confidence: 99%

New Particle Formation in the Atmosphere: From Molecular Clusters to Global Climate

et al. 2019

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New particle formation (NPF) represents the first step in the complex processes leading to formation of cloud condensation nuclei. Newly formed nanoparticles affect human health, air quality, weather, and climate. This review provides a brief history, synthesizes recent significant progresses, and outlines the challenges and future directions for research relevant to NPF. New developments include the emergence of state‐of‐the‐art instruments that measure prenucleation clusters and newly nucleated nanoparticles down to about 1 nm; systematic laboratory studies of multicomponent nucleation systems, including collaborative experiments conducted in the Cosmics Leaving Outdoor Droplets chamber at CERN; observations of NPF in different types of forests, extremely polluted urban locations, coastal sites, polar regions, and high‐elevation sites; and improved nucleation theories and parameterizations to account for NPF in atmospheric models. The challenges include the lack of understanding of the fundamental chemical mechanisms responsible for aerosol nucleation and growth under diverse environments, the effects of SO2 and NOx on NPF, and the contribution of anthropogenic organic compounds to NPF. It is also critical to develop instruments that can detect chemical composition of particles from 3 to 20 nm and improve parameterizations to represent NPF over a wide range of atmospheric conditions of chemical precursor, temperature, and humidity.

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Aerosol characteristics and particle production in the upper troposphere over the Amazon Basin

Cited by 139 publications

References 189 publications

Satellite‐Based Analysis of CO Seasonal and Interannual Variability Over the Amazon Basin

Satellite‐Based Analysis of CO Seasonal and Interannual Variability Over the Amazon Basin

Atmospheric new particle formation and growth: review of field observations

New Particle Formation in the Atmosphere: From Molecular Clusters to Global Climate

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