Aerosol Codeposition of Ceramics: Mixtures of Bi₂O₃–TiO₂ and Bi₂O₃–V₂O₅

Abstract

Aerosol deposition (AD) is a promising method to apply ceramic films on a wide range of substrate materials. Until now, AD has mainly been performed using a single ceramic powder. In this work, mixtures of two different ceramic powders were prepared. The first mixture consisted of Bi2O3 and TiO2 and the second consisted of Bi2O3 and V2O5, in stoichiometric ratios to form Bi4Ti3O12 and Bi4V2O11−δ, respectively. Aerosol codeposition produced films with homogeneously distributed particle fractions and thicknesses between 10 and 100 μm. Composite films were annealed to temperatures up to 750°C to enable an in situ calcination and attempted formation of the above‐mentioned compounds. Successful formation of Bi4Ti3O12 was tracked by hot‐stage X‐ray diffraction (XRD), and confirmed by dielectric measurements. Formation of the intended Bi4V2O11−δ, on the other hand, was not achieved, but rather BiVO4, which was confirmed by XRD, EDX and electrical measurements. The bismuth deficiency occurred during spray deposition, and is attributed to powder/material characteristics. Additional insight about the AD process is gained by comparing mixtures of oxides with different relative hardness values. Aerosol codeposition of ceramics may be an interesting new technique for producing porous functional ceramics.

Powder requirements for aerosol deposition of alumina films

“…AD can accommodate a broad spectrum of substrate materials, including metals [7,8], glass [9], ceramics [10], silicon [11], or even polymers [12]. Successful deposition has been shown for non-oxide materials (TiN [13], AlN [14,15], MgB 2 [16], MoSi/SiC [17]) as well as oxide materials (TiO 2 [18,19], ZrO 2 [20], Y 2 O 3 [21], Pb(Zr,Ti)O 3 [22], SrTi 1Àx Fe x O 3 [10], BFT [23], Bi 4 V 2 O 11Àd ) [24]), and compound materials (Al 2 O 3 /PTFE [25], ZnS/diamond [26], Bi 2 O 3 /TiO 2 [27], Bi 2 O 3 /V 2 O 5 [27]). Because of its wide applicability due to outstanding properties like high chemical inertness, wear resistance, and electrical resistivity, Al 2 O 3 has been one of the most investigated ceramics [28][29][30][31][32], but still its behavior during AD is not well understood.…”

Compact Layers of Hybrid Halide Perovskites Fabricated via the Aerosol Deposition Process—Uncoupling Material Synthesis and Layer Formation

“…The aerosol deposition method employed decouples the synthesis of the perovskite from the layer formation process. It is well established that aerosol deposition allows for the fabrication of a wide range of layer thicknesses [20], that it can also be employed to deposit Al 2 O 3 [18] and TiO 2 [25], which are frequently used as transport layers in perovskite solar cells, and that it lends itself to the deposition of mixtures of different source materials [22,42,43,44]. Thus, this method has potential for a range of different perovskite-based solar cell device architectures.…”

Substrate damage and incorporation of sapphire into barium hexaferrite films deposited by aerosol deposition

“…AD has been used to deposit materials for many applications including rf circuitry, piezoelectrics, biological coatings, sensors, thermal management, and protective coatings . AD has also been utilized to form composite films and films onto polymer or other flexible substrates . The essential principle behind the deposition process is that particles entrained in the carrier gas are accelerated to several hundred meters per second towards the substrate in the deposition chamber.…”