Aerosol generation by spark discharge

Schwyn, S; Garwin, E. L.; Schmidt‐Ott, A.

doi:10.1016/0021-8502(88)90215-7

Cited by 255 publications

(156 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Electrical discharges were used to produce Ag NPs, namely spark ablation 64 , and arc discharge. 65 With the former method, a spark discharge is initiated by a self-pulsed circuit operating in parallel with a capacitor bank and with two electrodes (two identical 99.99% pure Ag rods with a diameter of 3 mm and a length of 30 mm, MaTecK GmbH, Germany) placed next to each other forming a gap through which the carrier gas (Ar purity 99.999%) flushes through.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Scalable and Environmentally Benign Process for Smart Textile Nanofinishing

Feng

Hontañón

Blanes

et al. 2016

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

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A major challenge in nanotechnology is that of determining how to introduce green and sustainable principles when assembling individual nanoscale elements to create working devices.For instance, textile nanofinishing is restricted by the many constraints of traditional pad-drycure processes, such as the use of costly chemical procedures to produce nanoparticles (NPs), the high liquid and energy consumption, the production of harmful liquid waste, and multi-step batch operations. By integrating low-cost, scalable, and environmentally benign aerosol processes of the type proposed here into textile nanofinishing, these constraints can be circumvented while leading to a new class of fabrics. The proposed one-step textile nanofinishing process relies on the diffusional deposition of aerosol NPs onto textile fibers. As proof of this concept, we deposit Ag NPs onto a range of textiles and assess their antimicrobial properties for two strains of bacteria (i.e., Staphylococcus Aureus and Klebsiella Pneumoniae).The measurements show that the logarithmic reduction in bacterial count reaches ca. 5.5 (corresponding to a reduction efficiency of 99.96%) when the Ag loading is one order of magnitude less (10 ppm; i.e., 10 mg Ag NPs per kg of textile) than in the textiles treated by traditional wet-routes. The antimicrobial activity does not increase in proportion to the Ag content above 10 ppm as a consequence of a "saturation" effect. Such low loading for

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Scalable and Environmentally Benign Process for Smart Textile Nanofinishing

Feng

Hontañón

Blanes

et al. 2016

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

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“…Spark discharging has been shown to produce large (>500 nm) polydisperse cadmium oxide particles (Hochrainer and Soderholm 1986), small (<10 nm) quasi-monodisperse carbon, silver, and gold particles (Schwyn et al 1988), and polydisperse copper, iron, and zinc particles in the size range 10-1000 nm (Watters et al 1989). The spark generator developed by Helsper et al (1993) is now available as a commercial product for producing carbon particles with high mass output (Palas, GFG 1000, Karlsruhe, Germany).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Generation of Ultrafine Particles by Spark Discharging

Roth¹,

Ferron²,

Karg³

et al. 2004

Aerosol Science and Technology

104

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Ultrafine carbon, metal, and metal oxide particles were generated with a commercially available spark generator designed for the production of carbon particles. Aerosols with number concentrations up to 10 7 cm −3 were produced at flow rates up to 150 lpm. Lognormal size distributions with modal diameters in the range of 18-150 nm and geometric standard deviations of about 1.5 were obtained. The chemical composition, size, number concentration, morphology, and surface area of the particles were varied, and the generation of particles with fixed characteristics could be maintained over many hours. The particle characteristics, however, could not be varied independently. for cadmium oxide, 120 m 2 g −1 for iridium, and 300 m 2 g −1 for ferric oxide), and carbon with a large BET surface area (750 m 2 g −1 ). Iridium, on the other hand, has a huge volume-related BET surface area (2800 m 2 cm −3 ). It was not possible to generate ultrafine carbon particles without contaminations with the generator. However, these contaminations could be decreased in this study from 25% to 6% by replacing organic components of the generator by pure inorganic components.

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“…CoCr nanoparticles were generated in the gas phase by a spark discharge method [29]. Gas phase synthesis of nanoparticles offers the advantage of the high purity resulting from absence of liquid solvents.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigating the Immunologic Effects of CoCr Nanoparticles

Ogunwale¹,

Schmidt‐Ott

Meek³

et al. 2009

Clinical Orthopaedics &Amp; Related Research

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The increase in metal-on-metal hip arthroplasties has led to concern regarding the effect of raised serum and tissue metal ion levels. Our aim was to determine changes in the integrity and function of cells of the immune system after exposure to CoCr nanoparticles in specific cell culture experiments. Nanometer-sized particles of CoCr were made from a manufacturer's forged CoCr used for metal-on-metal articulations. Primary, murine dendritic cells and T and B lymphocytes then were exposed to these CoCr particles under cell culture conditions and then assayed for viability and proliferation/activation. CoCr nanoparticles did not directly activate dendritic cells or regulate B cells. Although nanoparticles were not directly toxic to resting T cells, Signals 1-and 2-dependent T cell proliferation were reduced. This may explain the observed reduction in CD8+ T cells observed in patients with metalon-metal implants.

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Aerosol generation by spark discharge

Cited by 255 publications

References 5 publications

Scalable and Environmentally Benign Process for Smart Textile Nanofinishing

Scalable and Environmentally Benign Process for Smart Textile Nanofinishing

Generation of Ultrafine Particles by Spark Discharging

Investigating the Immunologic Effects of CoCr Nanoparticles

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