Aerosol‐induced radiative flux changes off the United States mid‐Atlantic coast: Comparison of values calculated from sunphotometer and in situ data with those measured by airborne pyranometer

Russell, Philip B.; Livingston, J. M.; Hignett, P.; Kinne, Stefan; Wong, J.; Chien, A. T.; Bergström, R. W.; Durkee, Philip A.; Hobbs, Peter V.

doi:10.1029/1998jd200025

Cited by 173 publications

(144 citation statements)

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“…These aerosol-induced changes in radiative fluxes are referred to as aerosol radiative forcing, the importance of which as a component of climate forcing has recently begun to be understood (e.g., Coakley and Cess 1985;Charlson et al 1991;IPCC 1995IPCC , 2001Hansen et al 1997;Rosenfeld 2000). Several recent field experiments including SCAR-B (Kaufman et al 1998), TARFOX (Russell et al 1999), LACE 98 , and INDOEX (Ramanathan et al 2001) have been conducted with the objective of reducing the uncertainties in predicting climate change due to aerosol effects. These studies have shown the magnitude of the aerosol forcing to be quite large at times downwind of major aerosol source regions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Reno Aerosol Optics Study: An Evaluation of Aerosol Absorption Measurement Methods

Sheridan

Arnott

Ogren

et al. 2005

Aerosol Science and Technology

210

162

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The Reno Aerosol Optics Study (RAOS) was designed and conducted to compare the performance of many existing and new instruments for the in situ measurement of aerosol optical properties with a focus on the determination of aerosol light absorption. For this study, simple test aerosols of black and white particles were generated and combined in external mixtures under low relative humidity conditions and delivered to each measurement system. The aerosol mixing and delivery system was constantly monitored using particle counters and nephelometers to ensure that the same aerosol number concentration and amount reached the different instruments. The aerosol light-scattering measurements of four different nephelometers were compared, while the measurements of seven light-absorption instruments (5 filter based, 2 photoacoustic) were evaluated. Four methods for determining the aerosol lightextinction coefficient (3 cavity ring-down instruments and 1 foldedpath optical extinction cell) were also included in the comparisons. An emphasis was placed on determining the representativeness of the filter-based light absorption methods, since these are used Address correspondence to Patrick J. Sheridan, Climate Monitoring and Diagnostics Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305, USA. E-mail: patrick.sheridan@noaa.gov widely and because major corrections to the raw attenuation measurements are known to be required. The extinction measurement from the optical extinction cell was compared with the scattering measurement from a high-sensitivity integrating nephelometer on fine, nonabsorbing ammonium sulfate aerosols, and the two were found to agree closely (within 1% for blue and green wavelengths and 2% for red). The wavelength dependence of light absorption for small kerosene and diesel soot particles was found to be very near λ −1 , the theoretical small-particle limit. Larger, irregularly shaped graphite particles showed widely variable wavelength dependencies over several graphite runs. The light-absorption efficiency at a wavelength of 530 nm for pure kerosene soot with a number size distribution peak near 0.3 µm diameter was found to be 7.5 ± 1.2 m 2 g −1 . The two most fundamental independent absorption methods used in this study were photoacoustic absorption and the difference between suspended-state light extinction and scattering, and these showed excellent agreement (typically within a few percent) on mixed black/white aerosols, with the photoacoustic measurement generally slightly lower. Excellent agreement was also observed between some filter-based light-absorption measurements and the RAOS reference absorption method. For atmospherically relevant levels of the aerosol light-absorption coefficient (<25 Mm −1 ), the particle soot absorption photometer (PSAP) absorption measurement at mid-visible wavelengths agreed with the reference absorption measurement to within ∼11% for experiment tests on externally mixed kerosene soot and ammonium sulfate. At higher absorption ...

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Reno Aerosol Optics Study: An Evaluation of Aerosol Absorption Measurement Methods

Sheridan

Arnott

Ogren

et al. 2005

Aerosol Science and Technology

210

162

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“…In fact, concentrations of tropospheric aerosols have increased as a result of anthropogenic activities (IPCC, 2001). As a consequence, several field campaigns have been organized in the last decade to characterize aerosols and gases in polluted regions of the world, such as the Tropospheric Aerosol Radiative Forcing Observational Experiment (TARFOX) at the east coast of the USA (Russell et al, 1999), The Indian Ocean Experiment (INDOEX) in south Asia (Ramanathan et al, 2001), and the Mediterranean Intensive Oxidant Study (MINOS) in the southern Mediterranean (Lelieveld et al, 2002).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aerosol stratification, optical properties and radiative forcing in Venice (Italy) during ADRIEX

Barnaba

Gobbi

Leeuw

2007

Q.J.R. Meteorol. Soc.

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This study presents ground-based measurements of aerosol optical properties and solar radiation performed in Venice (Italy) within the Aerosol Direct Radiative Impact Experiment (ADRIEX). The measurement site is of particular interest due to its location at the eastern border of the polluted Po Valley and constituting the northern edge of the Mediterranean basin. Lidar observations showed a stratified structure of aerosols in the lower troposphere (0-4 km), with more than 40% of the aerosol optical depth due to aerosol above the local planetary boundary layer (about 1 km thick). Different aerosol vertical distributions and optical and microphysical properties were observed to develop under the influence of the various advection regimes encountered during ADRIEX. Sunphotometer measurements indicated fine particles (radius <1 µm) as dominating the light extinction, confirming the main aerosol source in the region as anthropogenic. Photometric data also revealed a relatively low aerosol absorption (i.e. a single-scattering albedo >0.92 at 440 nm), this being comparable to those found in other urban/industrial sites in Europe and USA, and slightly lower than those characterizing central America and Asia. Overall, the aerosol optical properties measured at Venice during ADRIEX translate into a summertime mean daily aerosol forcing between −10 and −14 W m −2 at the surface and between −4 and −8 W m −2 at the top of the atmosphere.

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“…This provided continuous measurements of the optical depth of the aerosol column above the aircraft [e.g., Russell et al, 1999b]. The AATS-6 operated at central wavelengths of 380, 451, 526, 861, 940, and 1021 nm with channel full widths at half maximum (FWHM) of 5 nm [Matsumoto et al, 1987].…”

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confidence: 99%

An aerosol model and aerosol‐induced changes in the clear‐sky albedo off the east coast of the United States

Hartley¹

2001

J. Geophys. Res.

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Abstract. Changes in the cloud-free albedo of the Earth, and therefore direct aerosol radiative forcing, due to aerosol can be parameterized as a function of one extensive quantity that depends on the amount of aerosol present (e.g., the aerosol optical depth, •) and two intensive quantities that depend on the internal characteristics of the aerosol (the aerosol single-scattering albedo, co o , and the aerosol asymmetry parameter, g). Airborne measurements of the dry aerosol scattering and absorption coefficients and dry particle size distributions made aboard the University of

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Aerosol‐induced radiative flux changes off the United States mid‐Atlantic coast: Comparison of values calculated from sunphotometer and in situ data with those measured by airborne pyranometer

Cited by 173 publications

References 23 publications

The Reno Aerosol Optics Study: An Evaluation of Aerosol Absorption Measurement Methods

The Reno Aerosol Optics Study: An Evaluation of Aerosol Absorption Measurement Methods

Aerosol stratification, optical properties and radiative forcing in Venice (Italy) during ADRIEX

An aerosol model and aerosol‐induced changes in the clear‐sky albedo off the east coast of the United States

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