2019
DOI: 10.1186/s12985-018-1103-7
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Aerosol infection of Balb/c mice with eastern equine encephalitis virus; susceptibility and lethality

Abstract: BackgroundEastern equine encephalitis virus is an alphavirus that naturally cycles between mosquitoes and birds or rodents in Eastern States of the US. Equine infection occurs by being bitten by cross-feeding mosquitoes, with a case fatality rate of up to 75% in humans during epizootic outbreaks. There are no licensed medical countermeasures, and with an anticipated increase in mortality when exposed by the aerosol route based on anecdotal human data and experimental animal data, it is important to understand … Show more

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Cited by 21 publications
(17 citation statements)
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“…Murine studies displayed similar pattern to guinea pigs and marmosets, however, EEEV was detected lung and heart [12,13]. Our NHP data are in agreement with the guinea pig and marmoset studies.…”
Section: Discussionsupporting
confidence: 89%
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“…Murine studies displayed similar pattern to guinea pigs and marmosets, however, EEEV was detected lung and heart [12,13]. Our NHP data are in agreement with the guinea pig and marmoset studies.…”
Section: Discussionsupporting
confidence: 89%
“…The dissemination of EEEV following aerosol infection has not been investigated in previous macaque studies; however, it has been examined in mice, guinea pigs, and marmosets [11][12][13][14]. In these previous studies, virus was localized almost exclusively in the brain and was readily detected in the frontal cortex, corpus striatum, thalamus, hippocampus, mesencephalon, pons, medulla oblongata, and cerebellum [11][12][13][14]. In contrast, EEEV could not be detected in the heart, liver, lung, spleen, and kidney of guinea pigs and marmosets [11,14].…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
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“…Although limited pathology was investigated in previous macaque studies, the dissemination of EEEV following aerosol infection was not investigated; however, it has been examined in mice, guinea pigs, and marmosets [14][15][16][17]. In these previous studies, virus was localized almost exclusively in the brain and was readily detected in the frontal cortex, corpus striatum, thalamus, hippocampus, mesencephalon, pons, medulla oblongata, and cerebellum [14][15][16][17]. In contrast, EEEV could not be detected in the heart, liver, lung, spleen, and kidney of guinea pigs and marmosets [14,17].…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Microgliosis was observed from the fourth day of infection and occurred in areas in which viral antigens were also present. Intranasal infection of mice with Piry virus (a virus from the same group) induces morphological changes in microglia in the olfactory pathway and in the hippocampal region [ 41 ], and a 2nd infection with virus associated with ME7 prion disease, a chronic neurodegenerative disease, induces an additional significant increase in the number of these cells in association with increased activated microglial morphology [ 66 ], suggesting that viral infection during chronic neurodegeneration exacerbates the inflammatory microglial response.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%