Aerosol major ion record at Mount Washington

Abstract

[1] This study examined the seasonal cycles and regional-scale meteorological controls on the chemical properties of bulk aerosols collected from 1999 to 2004 at Mount Washington, the highest peak in the northeastern United States. The concentrations of NH 4 + and SO 4 2À peaked during summer months. The pattern for aerosol NO 3 À was more complicated with relatively high median concentrations characterizing spring and summer months, but with major elevated events occurring during fall, winter, and spring. The seasonal relationship between NH 4 + and SO 4 2À indicated that during warmer months a mixture of (NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 and NH 4 HSO 4 was present, while it was mainly the latter in winter. More acidity and higher concentrations of the major species were generally associated with winds from the southwest and west sectors. The highest (!95th percentile) concentrations of SO 4 2À and NH 4 + were associated with air mass transport from major upwind source regions in the Midwest and along the eastern seaboard. The ionic composition and seasonal cycle observed at Mount Washington were similar to those measured at other northeastern sites, but the range and average concentrations were much lower. These differences were exaggerated during wintertime. Included in this paper are several Eulerian case studies of SO 2 conversion to SO 4 2À during transit from Whiteface Mountain, New York, to Mount Washington. The calculations suggest a gas-phase SO 2 oxidation rate of $1-2% per hour and demonstrate the possibility of using these two sites to investigate the chemical evolution of air masses as they move from Midwestern source regions to northern New England.

Chemical composition of free tropospheric aerosol for PM1 and coarse mode at the high alpine site Jungfraujoch

“…Thus, the higher concentrations at the Jungfraujoch in summer are mainly due to enhanced vertical transport. Such seasonal behavior was also observed by Fischer et al (2007) at Mount Washington. In contrast, for Alert, a remote site in the Arctic, Sirois and Barrie (1999) showed an opposite seasonal cycle with higher concentrations in winter than in summer, driven by a strong seasonality in south to north transport and in wet and dry removal.…”

Observations of linear dependence between sulfate and nitrate in atmospheric particles

“…Our sampling periods mainly cover three seasons: spring, summer, and fall. There are considerable variations in the local meteorological conditions during these sampling periods, which affects sulfate and nitrate formation and makes the sulfate and nitrate content highly variable from hour to hour [ Fischer et al ., ; Hu et al ., ; Galindo et al ., . ; Wang et al ., , ].…”

Aerosol acidity in rural New England: Temporal trends and source region analysis

“…The spring of 2001 season is also marked by one of the smallest [NH 4 + ], especially for the spring, and the greatest [NO 3 − ] of any spring. The largest spring season [NO 3 − ] recorded on Mount Washington (MW, 44.27°N, 71.30°W, and 1,917 m above sea level) coincides with the high [NO 3 − ] at TF during the spring of 2001 [ Fischer et al , 2007]. Interestingly, Schwab et al [2004] report no concurrent increase in acidity during this month at any of their sites in upstate New York.…”