Aerosol pollution in some Chinese cities (IUPAC Technical Report)

Abstract

Republication or reproduction of this report or its storage and/or dissemination by electronic means is permitted without the need for formal IUPAC permission on condition that an acknowledgmentThe results show that TSP (total suspended particulate) and PM-10 (particles with aerodynamic diameter 10 µm) concentrations frequently exceed the National Ambient Air Quality Standard and that ambient aerosol concentrations constitute a serious air pollution problem. PM-2.5 concentrations are also high and account for 60 % of the PM-10 mass. Organic carbon and sulfate are the most abundant components of PM-2.5, while crustal elements represent a minor portion. Nitrate concentrations are almost the same as sulfate in summertime, which implies that NOx control is very important in lowering fine particle concentrations and in improving air visibility. The chemical mass balance (CMB) method was applied in Beijing to identify the sources of PM-2.5. The main sources include fugitive dust, coal burning/industrial processes, traffic emissions, and secondary aerosol produced by atmospheric chemical conversion.

The Relationship of PM Variation with Visibility and Mixing-Layer Height under Hazy/Foggy Conditions in the Multi-Cities of Northeast China

“…In addition, the fine mode particles increased in the winter as a result of a combination of increased emissions from heating sources and low MLH as Figure 2b shows [64,65]. Residential heating may be one of the typical pollution sources in the multi-cities that leads to the highest BC concentration occurring in winter [46,47,66,67]. …”

“…In particular, these urban areas have also been revealed as the main hazy regions in China [40,41,42,43,44,45]. Therefore, the urban agglomerations will play a more important role in the research about atmospheric changes from urban to regional scale in China [46,47]. …”

Influence of soot mixing state on aerosol light absorption and single scattering albedo during air mass aging at a polluted regional site in northeastern China

“…Even in the suburban area it still exceeded five thousand persons per km 2 [Beijing Statistical Bureau, 2006]. Concomitant with the rapidly expanding economics and urbanization, severe air pollution in Beijing, especially low visibility connected with high aerosol loading, has attracted global attention [Chan and Yao, 2008;Streets et al, 2007;Zhang et al, 2004]. Moreover, Beijing is conjunct with similarly urbanized communities including Tianjin, Shijiazhuang, Qingdao, Ji'nan, and Taiyuan etc.…”

Optical properties of atmospheric aerosols obtained by in situ and remote measurements during 2006 Campaign of Air Quality Research in Beijing (CAREBeijing‐2006)

“…[3] In order to investigate the contribution of atmospheric aerosol to the visibility impairment and direct radiative forcing in the urban area of Beijing, it is necessary to understand the aerosol optical properties (e.g., extinction and absorption coefficient, single scattering albedo, and asymmetry parameter) under specific atmospheric conditions. Chemical compositions of PM 2.5 have been widely reported in Beijing in the last 10 years Sun et al, 2004;Zhang et al, 2004;Chan et al, 2005;Duan et al, 2005Duan et al, , 2006Wang et al, 2005;Guinot et al, 2006;Yu et al, 2006]. Recently, Chan and Yao [2008] indicated that the carbonaceous species (organic carbon and elemental carbon), the secondary species (SO 4 2À , NO 3 À and NH 4 + ), and crustal species (Al, Si, Ca, Mg and Fe) accounted for 27$42%, 22$54%, and 11$16% of the PM 2.5 mass, respectively.…”