Aerosol radiative, physical, and chemical properties in Beijing during June 1999

Bergin, Michael H.; Cass, Glen R.; Xu, Jin; Fang, C. P.; Zeng, Limin; Yu, Tao; Salmon, Lynn G.; Kiang, C. S.; Tang, Xiaoyun; Zhang, Y. H.; Chameides, W. L.

doi:10.1029/2001jd900073

Cited by 239 publications

(192 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…This value was lower than the value of 0.826 reported in Guangzhou [14], 0.88 at SDZ, 0.81 in summer Beijing [41], 0.82 in spring at the Wuqing site [21], and 0.81 in Shanghai [26]. The low SSA can reflect high loading of absorbing aerosols.…”

Section: Overview Of Aerosol Scattering and Absorption Propertiescontrasting

confidence: 47%

An Investigation of Aerosol Scattering and Absorption Properties in Wuhan, Central China

et al. 2015

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, and 0.73, respectively. Both σ and σ showed obvious annual variability with large values in winter and small values in summer, principally caused by the annual characteristics of meteorological conditions, especially planetary boundary layer height (PBLH) and local emissions. The SSA showed a slight annual variation. High values of SSA were related to formation of secondary aerosols in winter hazes and aerosol hygroscopic growth in humid summer. The large SSA in June can be attributed to the biomass combustion in Hubei and surrounding provinces. Both σ and σ showed double peak phenomena in diurnal variation resulting from the shallow stable PBLH at night and automobile exhaust emission during morning OPEN ACCESSAtmosphere 2015, 6 504 rush hours. The SSA also exhibited a double peak phenomenon related to the proportional variation of black carbon (BC) and light scattering particulates in the day and night. The long-term exploration on quantified aerosol optical properties can help offer scientific basis of introducing timely environmental policies for local government.

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Section: Overview Of Aerosol Scattering and Absorption Propertiescontrasting

confidence: 47%

An Investigation of Aerosol Scattering and Absorption Properties in Wuhan, Central China

et al. 2015

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“…He et al 225,226 measured an annual average PM 2.5 concentration of ϳ120 g/m 3 , with a weekly PM 2.5 concentration ranging from 37 to 357 g/m 3 . Bergin et al 73 reported a daily average value for PM 2.5 of 136 Ϯ 48 g/m 3 , which is twice the 24-hr U.S. NAAQS of 65 g/m 3 . Daily averages were 513 Ϯ 212 g/m 3 for TSP and 192 Ϯ 47 g/m 3 for PM 10 , respectively.…”

Section: Beijing Chinamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Nevertheless, the sky overhead is almost always gray, even in the absence of fog or clouds. Bergin et al 73 concluded that during June 1999, combustionrelated particles rather than wind-blown dust were mainly responsible for visibility degradation. It is well documented that Asian sand storms and dust cause poor visibility during the spring.…”

Section: Visibility Impairmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Megacities and Atmospheric Pollution

Molina

2004

Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association

691

372

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About half of the world's population now lives in urban areas because of the opportunity for a better quality of life. Many of these urban centers are expanding rapidly, leading to the growth of megacities, which are defined as metropolitan areas with populations exceeding 10 million inhabitants. These concentrations of people and activity are exerting increasing stress on the natural environment, with impacts at urban, regional and global levels. In recent decades, air pollution has become one of the most important problems of megacities. Initially, the main air pollutants of concern were sulfur compounds, which were generated mostly by burning coal. Today, photochemical smog-induced primarily from traffic, but also from industrial activities, power generation, and solvents-has become the main source of concern for air quality, while sulfur is still a major problem in many cities of the developing world. Air pollution has serious impacts on public health, causes urban and regional haze, and has the potential to contribute significantly to climate change. Yet, with appropriate planning, megacities can efficiently address their air quality problems through measures such as application of new emission control technologies and development of mass transit systems.This review is focused on nine urban centers, chosen as case studies to assess air quality from distinct perspectives: from cities in the industrialized nations to cities in the developing world. While each city-its problems, resources, and outlook-is unique, the need for a holistic approach to the complex environmental problems is the same. There is no single strategy in reducing air pollution in megacities; a mix of policy measures will be needed to improve air quality. Experience shows that strong political will coupled with public dialog is essential to effectively implement the regulations required to address air quality problems.

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“…High concentration of PM 2.5 is measured both in the summer and winter (a daily average of 60e80 mg m À3 ) and direct inverse correlation between visibility and concentrations of PM 2.5 during the period 1999e2000 for every season is shown in Song et al (2003b) as well as on an hourly basis for selected episodes by Bergin et al (2001). Source apportionment of fine-particle pollution based on a measurement campaign and a modelling study for selected sites in Beijing (Zhang et al, 2004) provides evidence of road transport impacts: about 15% of PM 2.5 stem from mobile sources accompanied by about 21% of secondary road dust.…”

Section: Effects On Visibility Clouds and Cloudinessmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transport impacts on atmosphere and climate: Land transport

Uherek¹,

Halenka²,

Borken‐Kleefeld³

et al. 2010

Atmospheric Environment

311

151

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a b s t r a c tEmissions from land transport, and from road transport in particular, have significant impacts on the atmosphere and on climate change. This assessment gives an overview of past, present and future emissions from land transport, of their impacts on the atmospheric composition and air quality, on human health and climate change and on options for mitigation.In the past vehicle exhaust emission control has successfully reduced emissions of nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide, volatile organic compounds and particulate matter. This contributed to improved air quality and reduced health impacts in industrialised countries. In developing countries however, pollutant emissions have been growing strongly, adversely affecting many populations. In addition, ozone and particulate matter change the radiative balance and hence contribute to global warming on shorter time scales. Latest knowledge on the magnitude of land transport's impact on global warming is reviewed here.In the future, road transport's emissions of these pollutants are expected to stagnate and then decrease globally. This will then help to improve the air quality notably in developing countries. On the contrary, emissions of carbon dioxide and of halocarbons from mobile air conditioners have been globally increasing and are further expected to grow. Consequently, road transport's impact on climate is gaining in importance. The expected efficiency improvements of vehicles and the introduction of biofuels will not be sufficient to offset the expected strong growth in both, passenger and freight transportation. Technical measures could offer a significant reduction potential, but strong interventions would be needed as markets do not initiate the necessary changes. Further reductions would need a resolute expansion of low-carbon fuels, a tripling of vehicle fuel efficiency and a stagnation in absolute transport volumes. Land transport will remain a key sector in climate change mitigation during the next decades.

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Aerosol radiative, physical, and chemical properties in Beijing during June 1999

Abstract: concentration were-15%, 5%, and 8%, respectively. Mineral aerosol contributed-16% to the PM2.5 aerosol mass. These data show that combustion-related particles rather than wind-blown dust dominated the light extinction budget during June 1999.

Cited by 239 publications

References 33 publications

An Investigation of Aerosol Scattering and Absorption Properties in Wuhan, Central China

An Investigation of Aerosol Scattering and Absorption Properties in Wuhan, Central China

Megacities and Atmospheric Pollution

Transport impacts on atmosphere and climate: Land transport

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