Aerosol solar radiative forcing near the Taklimakan Desert based on radiative transfer and regional meteorological simulations during the Dust Aerosol Observation-Kashi campaign

Li, Li; Li, Zhengqiang; Chang, Wenyuan; Ou, Yang; Goloub, Philippe; Li, Chengzhe; Li, Kaitao; Hu, Qiaoyun; Wang, Jianping; Wendisch, Manfred

doi:10.5194/acp-20-10845-2020

Cited by 20 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 73 publications

(106 reference statements)

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“…The results indicated that the method is effective in estimating the SW DRFE dust over land. The microphysical properties of dust aerosols significantly influence the DRE dust and the DRFE dust (Che et al, 2012;Li et al, 2018). The different microphysical properties of dust aerosols in various dust source regions cause uncertainties in estimating the SW DRE dust and DRFE dust .…”

Section: The Equi-albedo Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimating Radiative Forcing Efficiency of Dust Aerosol Based on Direct Satellite Observations: Case Studies over the Sahara Desert and Taklimakan Desert

Tian¹,

Chen²,

Zhang³

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Abstract. The direct radiative forcing efficiency of the dust aerosol (DRFEdust) is an important indicator to measure the climate effect of the dust. The DRFEdust is determined by the microphysical properties of the dust, which vary with the dust source regions. However, there are only sparse in-situ measurements of them, such as the distribution of the dust aerosol particle size and the complex refractive index in the main dust source regions. Furthermore, recent studies have shown that the non-spherical effect of the dust particle is not negligible. The DRFEdust is often evaluated by estimating given microphysical properties of the dust aerosols in the radiative transfer model (RTM). However, considerable uncertainties exist due to the complex and variable dust properties, including the complex refractive index and the shape of the dust. The DRFEdust over the Taklimakan Desert and the Sahara Desert is derived from the satellite observations in this paper. The advantage of the proposed satellite-based method is that there is no need to consider the microphysical properties of the dust aerosols in estimating the DRFEdust. For comparison, the observed DRFEdust is compared with that simulated by the RTM. The differences in the dust microphysical properties in these two regions and their impacts on DRFEdust are analyzed. The DRFEdust derived from the satellite observation is −39.6 ± 10.0 W m−2 τ−1 in March 2019 over Tamanrasset and −48.6 ± 13.7 W m−2 τ−1 in April 2019 over Kashi. According to the analyses of their microphysical properties and optical properties, the dust aerosols from the Taklimakan desert (Kashi) scatter strongly. The RTM simulated results (−41.5 to −47.4 W m−2 τ−1 in the Taklimakan Desert and −32.2 to −44.3 W m−2 τ−1 in the Sahara Desert) are in good agreement with the results estimated by satellite observations. According to previous studies, the results in this paper are proved to be reasonable and reliable. The results also show that the microphysical properties of the dust can significantly influence the DRFEdust. The satellite-derived results can represent the influence of the dust microphysical properties on the DRFEdust, which can also validate the direct radiative effect of the dust aerosol and the DRFEdust derived from the numerical model more directly.

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Section: The Equi-albedo Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimating Radiative Forcing Efficiency of Dust Aerosol Based on Direct Satellite Observations: Case Studies over the Sahara Desert and Taklimakan Desert

Tian¹,

Chen²,

Zhang³

et al. 2021

Preprint

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“…According to the AOD calculation in WRF-Chem, we can either choose the aerosol number concentration (option 1) or aerosol mass concentration (option 2) as control variables. Li et al (2020) describes option 1. This study selects option 2 and describes it in the following subsections.…”

Section: Assimilation Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…All the instruments were deployed at the roof of a three-story building on the campus. Please refer to Li et al (2020) for more details about the field campaign.…”

Section: Observational Data and Errorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The PM 2.5 low bias could be due to the lack of SOA chemistry in our experiments and the low emission bias in the residential sector, a major source of anthropogenic emissions for PM 2.5 , BC, and OC in the developing western area. The residential sector accounts for 36 %-82 % of the primary particle emissions, according to the MEIC emission inventory (Li et al, 2017), and is the primary source of uncertainty in anthropogenic emissions inventories in China.…”

Section: Evaluation Of Control Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Improving the sectional Model for Simulating Aerosol Interactions and Chemistry (MOSAIC) aerosols of the Weather Research and Forecasting-Chemistry (WRF-Chem) model with the revised Gridpoint Statistical Interpolation system and multi-wavelength aerosol optical measurements: the dust aerosol observation campaign at Kashi, near the Taklimakan Desert, northwestern China

Chang

Zhang

et al. 2021

Atmos. Chem. Phys.

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Abstract. The Gridpoint Statistical Interpolation data assimilation (DA) system was developed for the four size bin sectional Model for Simulating Aerosol Interactions and Chemistry (MOSAIC) aerosol mechanism in the Weather Research and Forecasting-Chemistry (WRF-Chem) model. The forward and tangent linear operators for the aerosol optical depth (AOD) analysis were derived from WRF-Chem aerosol optical code. We applied three-dimensional variational DA to assimilate the multi-wavelength AOD, ambient aerosol scattering coefficient, and aerosol absorption coefficient, measured by the sun–sky photometer, nephelometer, and aethalometer, respectively. These measurements were undertaken during a dust observation field campaign at Kashi in northwestern China in April 2019. The results showed that the DA analyses decreased the model aerosols' low biases; however, it had some deficiencies. Assimilating the surface particle concentration increased the coarse particles in the dust episodes, but AOD and the coefficients for aerosol scattering and absorption were still lower than those observed. Assimilating aerosol scattering coefficient separately from AOD improved the two optical quantities. However, it caused an overestimation of the particle concentrations at the surface. Assimilating the aerosol absorption coefficient yielded the highest positive bias in the surface particle concentration, aerosol scattering coefficient, and AOD. The positive biases in the DA analysis were caused by the forward operator underestimating aerosol mass scattering and absorption efficiency. As compensation, the DA system increased particle concentrations excessively to fit the observed optical values. The best overall improvements were obtained from the simultaneous assimilation of the surface particle concentration and AOD. The assimilation did not substantially change the aerosol chemical fractions. After DA, the clear-sky aerosol radiative forcing at Kashi was −10.4 W m−2 at the top of the atmosphere, which was 55 % higher than the radiative forcing value before DA.

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“…As reported in previous researches, the atmospheric aerosol particles mainly exert cooling effects both at the top and bottom of the atmosphere (TOA and BOA) and an overall atmospheric warming effect of the entire atmospheric column (difference between TOA and BOA) on a long timescale [7,9]. However, the quantification of the aerosol radiative effects depends on aerosol loading, aerosol species (different microphysical and chemical properties), and is even susceptible to the surface properties, vertical structures of the atmosphere, and cloud conditions [10][11][12]. The local, instantaneous, and short-term (a few days to several months) quantities of aerosol radiative effects could differ dramatically (up to hundreds of W/m 2 ), even with dynamic warming or cooling effects, owing to the spatial and temporal variations of atmospheric aerosols and surrounding conditions [7,12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aerosol Direct Radiative Effects over China Based on Long-Term Observations within the Sun–Sky Radiometer Observation Network (SONET)

et al. 2020

Remote Sensing

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To investigate aerosol radiative effects, the Sun–Sky Radiometer Observation Network (SONET) has performed long-term observations of columnar atmospheric aerosol properties at 20 distributed stations around China. The aerosol direct radiative forcing (RF) and efficiency (RFE, the rate at which the atmosphere is forced per unit of aerosol optical depth) were estimated using radiative transfer model simulations based on the ground-based observations dating back to 2009. Results of multi-year monthly average RF illustrated that: the dust-dominant aerosol population at arid and semi-arid sites exerted moderate cooling effects (−8.0~−31.2 W/m2) at the top and bottom of atmosphere (TOA and BOA); RF at continental background site was very weak (−0.8~−2.9 W/m2); fine-mode dominant aerosols at urban and suburban sites exerted moderate cooling effects (−9.3~−24.1 W/m2) at TOA but more significant cooling effects (−19.4~−50.6 W/m2) at BOA; RF at coastal sites was comparable with values of urban sites (−5.5~−19.5 W/m2 at TOA, and −15.6~−44.6 W/m2 at BOA), owing to combined influences by marine and urban–industrial aerosols. Differences between RFE at TOA and BOA indicated that coarse-mode dominant aerosols at arid, semi-arid, and continental background sites were less efficient to warm the atmosphere; but fine-mode dominant aerosols at urban, suburban, and coastal sites were shown to be more efficient to heat the atmosphere.

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Aerosol solar radiative forcing near the Taklimakan Desert based on radiative transfer and regional meteorological simulations during the Dust Aerosol Observation-Kashi campaign

Cited by 20 publications

References 73 publications

Estimating Radiative Forcing Efficiency of Dust Aerosol Based on Direct Satellite Observations: Case Studies over the Sahara Desert and Taklimakan Desert

Estimating Radiative Forcing Efficiency of Dust Aerosol Based on Direct Satellite Observations: Case Studies over the Sahara Desert and Taklimakan Desert

Aerosol Direct Radiative Effects over China Based on Long-Term Observations within the Sun–Sky Radiometer Observation Network (SONET)

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