Aerosol synthesis of silicon nanoparticles with narrow size distribution—Part 1: Experimental investigations

Körmer, Richard; Jank, Michael P. M.; Ryssel, H.; Schmid, Hans‐Joachim

doi:10.1016/j.jaerosci.2010.05.007

Cited by 45 publications

(53 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…These works are typically limited to measurements of silanes with no more than three or four silicon atoms and have a lack of differentiation between isomers [13,14,20,32]. Some experimental works include measurements of particle properties, like size distribution [13,15,16,33] and hydrogen content [13,15]. Because of the complex nature of the monosilane pyrolysis process, it is challenging to use these measures for verification of kinetic silane pyrolysis models.…”

Section: Pyrolysis Of Sih 4 In Solar Silicon Industrymentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of higher order silanes during monosilane pyrolysis using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry

Wyller

Klette

Mongstad

et al. 2018

Journal of Crystal Growth

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a b s t r a c tThere is a deficit of ways to detect higher order silane isomers during silane pyrolysis. Thus, a novel instrument utilizing gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) for detection of higher order silanes has been developed. The instrument enables us to separate higher order silane species using gas chromatography before they are introduced to the mass spectrometer, thereby obtaining spectra of separate isomers, rather than overlaid spectra. In this contribution we describe the details of the GC-MS system. We compare our GC-separated mass spectra of mono-, di-and trisilane to mass spectra of these species available in the literature. Further, we present mass spectra of the tetrasilane isomers n-tetrasilane (n-Si 4 H 10 ), silyltrisilane (i-Si 4 H 10 ) and cyclotetrasilane (cyclo-Si 4 H 8 ) and of the pentasilane isomers n-pentasilane (n-Si 5 H 12 ), silyltetrasilane (i-Si 5 H 12 ) disilyltrisilane (neo-Si 5 H 12 ) and cyclopentasilane (cyclo-Si 5 H 10 ). Six of these mass spectra are previously unpublished. Based on the fragmentation pattern in the tetra-and pentasilane mass spectra, we are able to acquire mass spectra of silanes with up to eight silicon atoms. Finally, we apply the novel detection technique to a silane pyrolysis reactor to track the outlet concentration of higher order silanes as function of reactor temperature. We believe that the detection technique that we present here may open the door for validation of monosilane pyrolysis models, and thus constitute a roadmap for future research in this field.

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Section: Pyrolysis Of Sih 4 In Solar Silicon Industrymentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of higher order silanes during monosilane pyrolysis using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry

Wyller

Klette

Mongstad

et al. 2018

Journal of Crystal Growth

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“…The present work aims to build on the experimental and theoretical results of the studies by Körmer et al (2010aKörmer et al ( , 2010b by further investigating the mechanism of narrowly distributed nanoparticle synthesis and assessing which of the available literature information is most reliable.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis of silicon nanoparticles with a narrow size distribution: A theoretical study

Menz

Shekar

Brownbridge

et al. 2012

Journal of Aerosol Science

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“…Multiple reports can be found dealing with the pyrolysis of monosilane (SiH4) as a precursor material [3][4][5][6] . The homogeneous as well as heterogeneous decomposition of silane in free space and fluidized bed reactors was investigated intensely by Flagan et al in the 1980s 7,8) and several groups continued investigating silicon nanoparticle synthesis in free space reactors 6,9,10) . One of these technologies was developed at the University of Duisburg-Essen 10) and was scaled up to production scale 11) .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The description of silicon nanoparticle synthesis from monosilane in laboratory-sized reactors combined with the modeling of the process, i.e. reaction kinetics, nucleation and growth rates, thermodynamic driving force, particle size distributions and a comparison between experimentally obtained and calculated particle size distributions was also investigated by several authors 9,[12][13][14] . The modeling of nucleation, particle growth and particle size distribution in different synthesis processes gained more and more attention in order to predict or verify experimental results 12,15) .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The asprepared silicon powder from silane pyrolysis is used to manufacture polycrystalline silicon solar cells by re-melting and directional solidification. As shown by several groups, silicon powder synthesized by pyrolysis from monosilane exhibits a nanostructured crystallinity as a result of its formation process in the gas phase 6,9,10,17) , but the specific properties of the nanostructure are lost when the material is used for the production of polycrystalline solar cells. As a result, highly promising additional properties of the nanostructured silicon generated in this process are not yet being used in industrial applications despite the fact that a technology for the formation of such nanostructured materials is, in principle, available.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Gas-Phase Synthesis of Nanoscale Silicon as an Economical Route towards Sustainable Energy Technology

Hülser

Schnurre

Wiggers

et al. 2011

KONA

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The silicon age that started in the 60s of the last century has changed the world profoundly, mainly related to the invention and development of microprocessor technology. Meanwhile, the demand for silicon is driven by the photovoltaics industry that consumes about 80% of the high-purity silicon produced worldwide. Independent of the final product, all high-purity silicon has passed through a couple of gas-phase reactions for purification. The most important gaseous species within this production chain are chlorosilanes and monosilane. We will discuss the direct formation of crystalline silicon by homogeneous gas-phase reactions as a direct and highly economical way to produce the required high-purity raw material for silicon solar cells. The direct formation of solid silicon particles from monosilane requires only a fraction of the energy compared to the established Siemens process based on the chemical vapor deposition of silanes. We have developed a method to synthesize nanocrystalline silicon powder using a hot-wall reactor, and the technology was scaled up to the pilot-plant scale. While an economical production strategy is decisive for solar cell production, the structure of the gas-phase product allows for additional, highly promising applications benefiting from the specific properties of the nanoscale particulate material. Both, thermoelectric generators as well as lithiumion batteries benefit from the nanocrystalline structure of the gas-phase product due to high phonon scattering and short diffusion lengths, respectively. First successful examples with regard to these two topics will be discussed. In these fields, silicon finds potential new markets for sustainable energy technology because of its abundant availability and low-cost production.

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Aerosol synthesis of silicon nanoparticles with narrow size distribution—Part 1: Experimental investigations

Cited by 45 publications

References 29 publications

Identification of higher order silanes during monosilane pyrolysis using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry

Identification of higher order silanes during monosilane pyrolysis using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry

Synthesis of silicon nanoparticles with a narrow size distribution: A theoretical study

Gas-Phase Synthesis of Nanoscale Silicon as an Economical Route towards Sustainable Energy Technology

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