Aerosol Synthesis of Vanadium Oxide-Carbon Hybrid Nanoparticle Clusters for High-Performance Lithium Extraction via Electrochemical Deionization

Abstract

An aerosol-based synthetic approach is demonstrated for the development of vanadium oxide-carbon hybrid nanoparticle clusters (VO x -C-NPCs) used for the fabrication of a unique electrochemical deionization (ECDI) cell. Hybrid ECDI cells are constructed with a positive electrode of pseudocapacitive VO x -C-NPCs and a negative electrode of battery-like silver− carbon nanoparticle clusters (Ag-C-NPCs). The reversible extraction of Li + ions and the storage of Cl − ions are conducted through Faradaic reactions on VO x -C-NPCs and Ag-C-NPCs, respectively. The surface of the VO x -C-NPC electrodes can be successfully protected by an anion-doped polypyrrole (PPy) film, by which the structural stability of VO x -C-NPC, in terms of the salt adsorption capacity (SAC) retention, is enhanced to 92%. Remarkably high SAC values of the hybrid ECDI cells are achievable in comparison to the reported values in the field: up to 27.5 mg/g for the bare VO x -C//Ag-C cell and 49.3 mg/g for the PPy-protected VO x -C//Ag-C cell. This work provides a prototype study for the rapid and continuous production of high-performance VO x -C-NPCs using aerosol-based synthesis supported by complementary material characterization. The mechanistic understanding of the material synthesis and the corresponding ECDI process shows promise for achieving an optimal deionization performance in terms of SAC and stability.

Combined Methane Cracking for H2 Production with CO2 Utilization for Catalyst Regeneration Using Dual Functional Nanostructured Particles

“…An aerosol-based synthesis system was employed for the development of nickel-based nanoparticle clusters as a dual functional catalyst. Briefly, a customized nebulizer was used to convert precursor solutions to aerosolized droplets by using a compressed filtered N 2 at a flow rate of 1.5 L/min (i.e., the fine droplets are formed in the gas phase). − As illustrated in Scheme b, through fast evaporation, aerosol particles of dried precursors formed and simultaneously self-assembled in the gas phase state with a homogeneous distribution. After calcination at 500 °C (i.e., the first stage thermal treatment), the aerosols of dried precursor crystallites thermally decomposed to nanoparticles of mixed oxides (NiO–CeO 2 /Al 2 O 3 ) with a homogeneous elemental distribution.…”

Probing host–dopant interactions in conducting polymers for improved performance of electrochemical deionization

“…7 The development of faradaic materials for applications in ECDI is underway with great enthusiasm. Among these materials, metal oxides have been used extensively for cation trapping 8 because of their large theoretical capacity and superior stability. 9,10 However, their application in anion trapping is limited by their material properties.…”

Effects of Coating Characteristics of One-Step Aerosol Synthesized–Silica-Coated FeNi Nanostructured Particles on Powder Core Properties for Electronic Machine Development

“…Nanostructuring silica-based core–shell particles via the gas-phase method has shown the most notable results among recent methods, offering a one-step process, hermetically sealed coating, smooth shell, and single core–shell particles. − This method adapts the chemical vapor deposition technique, in which the seed particle as the core material and the silica source vapor as the shell material are transported in the reactor. − The silica monomers, nuclei, clusters, and nanoparticles are generated and deposited on the core material to form a silica shell during the synthesis process. Some researchers have conducted silica-coated particle synthesis using a tubular reactor equipped with a hot-wall furnace, , photoinduction, ,, plasma and microwave radiation, , electron beam evaporation, and flame combustion. ,− These methods yielded particles ranging from nanometer to submicron sizes.…”