Aerosol Transmission of Infectious Disease

Jones, Rachael M.; Brosseau, Lisa M.

doi:10.1097/jom.0000000000000448

Cited by 352 publications

(337 citation statements)

References 95 publications

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“…NoV transmission typically occurs by the fecal–oral route from contaminated surfaces, food or water, and by person-to-person spread [10] but transmission via droplets, through aerosolization of HNoV-containing vomitus, can also occur [13,14]. Outbreaks occur in places where people gather (e.g., cruise ships, day-care centers, hospitals).…”

Section: Nov Infection and Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%

Norovirus Regulation by Host and Microbe

Baldridge

Turula

Wobus

2016

Trends in Molecular Medicine

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Norovirus (NoV) infection is the leading cause of epidemic gastroenteritis globally, and can lead to detrimental chronic infection in immunocompromised hosts. Despite its prevalence as a cause of diarrheal illness, the study of human NoVs (HNoVs) has historically been limited by a paucity of models. The use of murine NoV (MNoV) to interrogate mechanisms of host control of viral infection has facilitated the exploration of different genetic mouse models, revealing roles for both innate and adaptive immunity in viral regulation. MNoV studies have also recently identified important interactions between the commensal micro-biota and NoV with clear extensions to HNoVs. In this review, we discuss the most current understanding of how the host, the microbiome, and their interactions regulate NoV infections.

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Section: Nov Infection and Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%

Norovirus Regulation by Host and Microbe

Baldridge

Turula

Wobus

2016

Trends in Molecular Medicine

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“…Virus–host compatibility establishes viral tropism and the quantity of virus-laden particles that may be released from infected hosts [1,2]. Gravity limits the distance that virus-laden particles can travel; large droplets settle rapidly and contribute to fomite transmission while droplet nuclei less than 5 μm in diameter may remain suspended in the air and mediate airborne transmission [3,4]. Humidity and temperature may impact on particle size and viability of the virus [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Isolation of H5N6, H7N9 and H9N2 avian influenza A viruses from air sampled at live poultry markets in China, 2014 and 2015

Zhou

Zeng

et al. 2016

Eurosurveillance

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Zoonotic infections by avian influenza viruses occur at the human–poultry interface, but the modes of transmission have not been fully investigated. We assessed the potential for airborne and fomite transmission at live poultry markets in Guangzhou city and in Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (SAR), China, during 2014 and 2015. Viral genome and infectious avian influenza A viruses of H5N6, H7N9, and H9N2 subtypes were detected predominantly from particles larger or equal to 1 μm in diameter in the air sampled with cyclone-based bioaerosol samplers at the live poultry markets in Guangzhou. Influenza A(H9N2) viruses were ubiquitously isolated every month during the study period from air and environmental swabs, and different lineages of H9N2 virus were isolated from markets where chickens and minor land-based poultry were sold. The use of de-feathering devices increased the quantity of virus-laden airborne particles while market closure reduced the amount of such particles. The results highlight the possibility of airborne transmission of avian influenza viruses among poultry or from poultry to humans within such settings. This may explain epidemiological observations in which some patients with H7N9 infection reported being in markets but no direct contact with live poultry or poultry stalls.

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“…Two main ways of infection are of importance here: droplet infection and aerogenic infection [20,21]. Droplet infection occurs when infected persons sneeze or cough and produce droplets that fly through the air (approx.…”

Section: (C) Splashing Of Water Droplets and Plant Pathogen Dispersalmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of surface structure and chemistry on water droplet splashing

Koch

Grichnik

2016

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A.

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Water droplet splashing and aerosolization play a role in human hygiene and health systems as well as in crop culturing. Prevention or reduction of splashing can prevent transmission of diseases between animals and plants and keep technical systems such as pipe or bottling systems free of contamination. This study demonstrates to what extent the surface chemistry and structures influence the water droplet splashing behaviour. Smooth surfaces and structured replicas of Calathea zebrina (Sims) Lindl. leaves were produced. Modification of their wettability was done by coating with hydrophobizing and hydrophilizing agents. Their wetting was characterized by contact angle measurement and splashing behaviour was observed with a high-speed video camera. Hydrophobic and superhydrophilic surfaces generally showed fewer tendencies to splash than hydrophobic ones. Structuring amplified the underlying behaviour of the surface chemistries, increasing hydrophobic surfaces' tendency to splash and decreasing splash on hydrophilic surfaces by quickly transporting water off the impact point by capillary forces. The non-porous surface structures found in C. zebrina could easily be applied to technical products such as plastic foils or mats and coated with hydrophilizing agents to suppress splash in areas of increased hygiene requirements or wherever pooling of liquids is not desirable.This article is part of the themed issue 'Bioinspired hierarchically structured surfaces for green science'.

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Aerosol Transmission of Infectious Disease

Abstract: Aerosol transmission reflects a modern understanding of aerosol science and allows physically appropriate explanation and intervention selection for infectious diseases.

Cited by 352 publications

References 95 publications

Norovirus Regulation by Host and Microbe

Norovirus Regulation by Host and Microbe

Isolation of H5N6, H7N9 and H9N2 avian influenza A viruses from air sampled at live poultry markets in China, 2014 and 2015

Influence of surface structure and chemistry on water droplet splashing

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